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Konuşma gecikmesi olan çocukların tanıları ve klinik özellikleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 4, 1493 - 1499, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.979055

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada konuşma gecikmesi ile çocuk psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran hastaların aldıkları tanıların, sosyodemografik ve klinik özelliklerin ve bu özelliklerin psikiyatrik tanılarla ilişkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Konuşma gecikmesi ile başvuran 152 hastanın verileri geriye dönük olarak analiz edilmiş, katılımcıların demografik ve klinik özellikleri; doğum öyküsü, komorbiditeler, bakımveren bilgileri, iki dillilik, ekrana maruz kalma, ailede konuşma gecikmesi öyküsü ve ebeveyn psikopatolojisi ve aldıkları psikiyatrik tanılar incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: 152 katılımcının 120’si erkek (%78.9) cinsiyette idi ve katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 34.6±8.2 aydı. Konuşma gecikmesi ile başvuran hastalarda günde bir saatten fazla ekrana maruz kalma oranı % 55.9, ailede konuşma gecikmesi öyküsü olması % 36.2, ebeveynde psikopatoloji varlığı % 28.9 saptanmıştır. Konuşma gecikmesi olan çocukların % 36.2’si Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB), % 27.0’ı uyaran eksikliği, % 20.4’ü Bilişsel Gelişimde Gecikme (BGG), % 16.4’ü ise Dil Bozukluğu (DB) tanısı almıştır. Ailede konuşma gecikme öyküsü, OSB ve uyaran eksikliği gruplarında diğerlerine oranla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kronik tıbbi hastalığın varlığı BGG ve OSB grubunda daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ekran maruziyeti ise uyaran eksikliği grubunda diğer gruplara oranla daha yüksek saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, konuşma gecikmesi olan çocukların psikiyatrik tanılarının ve oranlarının bilinmesi, bu duruma etki edebilecek faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve erken dönemde önleyici tedbirlerin alınması açısından önemlidir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ina F. Wallace, Nancy D. Berkman, Linda R. Watson, et al. Screening for speech and language delay in children 5 years old and younger: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2015;136(2):448-462.
  • 2. Başay BK, & Tezer D. Üç yaş öncesi konuşma gecikmesi nedeniyle çocuk psikiyatri polikliniklerine başvuran çocuklara ne oldu? 2 yıl sonrasına ait veriler. Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi. 2020;13(2):373-384.
  • 3. Boyle J. Speech and language delays in preschool children. BMJ 2011;343:d5181.
  • 4. Huttenlocher J, Haight W, Bryk A, Seltzer M, Lyons T. Early vocabulary growth: Relation to language input and gender. Dev Psychol.1991;27(2):236–48.
  • 5. Feldman HM, Dale PS, Campbell TF, Colborn DK, Kurs-Lasky M, Rockette HE. Concurrent and predictive validity of parent reports of child language at ages 2 and 3 years. Child Dev. 2005;76(4):856-68.
  • 6. Kayiran SM, Soyak G, & Gürakan B. Electronic media use by children in families of high socioeconomic level and familial factors. Turk J Pediatr. 2010;52(5):491-499.
  • 7. McLaughlin MR. Speech and language delay in children. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83:183-8.
  • 8. Serdaroğlu A, Cansu A, Ozkan S, Tezcan S. Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Turkish children between the ages of 2 and 16 years. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48(6):413-416.
  • 9. Fox AV, Dodd B, & Howard D. Risk factors for speech disorders in children. Int J Lang Commun Disord.2002;37(2):117–132. 10. Zubrick SR, Taylor CL, Rice ML, & Slegers DW. Late language emergence at 24 months: An epidemiological study of prevalence, predictors, and covariates. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2007;50(6): 1562–1592.
  • 11. McLeod S, & Harrison LJ. Epidemiology of speech and language impairment in a nationally representative sample of 4-to 5-year-old children. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2009;52(5):1213-1229.
  • 12. Hatice Sevgen F, & Altun H. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Polikliniğine Başvuran 0-5 Yaş Arası Çocukların Başvuru Şikayetleri ve Psikiyatrik Tanıları. Journal of Mood Disorders. 2017;7(4):205–211.
  • 13. Keskindemirci G, Gokcay G. Screen exposure in children with language delay; results of pilot study. J Ist Faculty Med. 2020;82(4):29-30.
  • 14. Weindrich D, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Laucht M, Esser G, & Schmidt MH. Epidemiology and prognosis of specific disorders of language and scholastic skills. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;9(3):186–194.
  • 15. Kılıç C. Türkiye’de Ruhsal Hastalıkların Yaygınlığı Ve Ruhsal Tedavi İhtiyacı Konusunda Neredeyiz? Toplum ve Hekim Dergisi 2020;35(3):179-187.
  • 16. Stanton-Chapman TL, Chapman DA, Bainbridge NL, Scott KG. Identification of early risk factors for language impairment. Res Dev Disabil. 2002;23(6):390–405.
  • 17. Sunderajan T, & Kanhere SV. Speech and language delay in children: Prevalence and risk factors. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(5):1642–1646.
  • 18. Duch H, Fisher EM, Ensari İ et al. Association of Screen Time Use and Language Development in Hispanic Toddlers: A CrossSectional and Longitudinal Study. Clin Pediatr 2013;52(9):857- 65.
  • 19. AAP. Announces new recommendations for children’s media use. 21.10.2016 Available from: URL: https://www. aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/ american-academy-of-pediatrics-announces- newrecommendations- for- childrens- media-use.aspx. Son Erişim 03.06.2021.
  • 20. Harrison LJ, & McLeod S. Risk and protective factors associated with speech and language impairment in a nationally representative sample of 4-to 5-year-old children. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2010;53(2): 508-529.
  • 21. Küçük Ö, Ulaş G, Yaylacı F, & Miral S. Geniş otizm fenotipi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2018;10(2):228-248.
  • 22. Tuchman R. Autism and social cognition in epilepsy: implications for comprehensive epilepsy care. Current opinion in neurology. 2013;26(2):214-218.
  • 23. Sevketoglu T, Kilincaslan A, & Mukaddes MN. Autistic spectrum disorders in individuals with severe hearing impairment. . Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;20(1):148-149.
  • 24. Barth Oeseburg, Geke J Dijkstra, Johan W Groothoff, Sijmen A Reijneveld, Daniëlle E. M. C Jansen. Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions in Children With Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Literature Review. Intellect Dev Disabil. 2011;49(2):59–85.

Diagnosis and clinical characteristics of children with speech delay

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 4, 1493 - 1499, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.979055

Öz

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the diagnoses, sociodemographic and clinical features of patients who applied to the child psychiatry outpatient clinic with speech delay, and to determine the relationship between these features and psychiatric diagnoses.
Materials and Methods: The data from 152 patients presented with speech delay were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants including; birth history, comorbidities, caregiver information, bilingualism, screen exposure, family history of speech delay, parental psychopathology and psychiatric diagnoses were examined.
Results: Of the 152 participants 78.9% (n=120) were boys and the mean age was 34.6±8.2 months. The rate of being exposed to the screen (more than one hour) was 55.9%, the presence of a family history of speech delay was 36.2%, and the presence of psychopathology was 28.9%. Of the children with speech delay, 36.2% were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 27.0% with stimulus deficiency (SD), 20.4% with cognitive developmental delay (CDD) and 16.4% with language disorder (LD). Family history of speech delay was found to be higher in the groups diagnosed with ASD and SD. Chronic medical disease was higher in CDD and ASD groups and screen exposure was higher in the SD group compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: This study is important in terms of knowing the psychiatric diagnoses and rates of children with speech delay, determining the factors that may affect this condition, and taking preventive measures in the early period.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ina F. Wallace, Nancy D. Berkman, Linda R. Watson, et al. Screening for speech and language delay in children 5 years old and younger: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2015;136(2):448-462.
  • 2. Başay BK, & Tezer D. Üç yaş öncesi konuşma gecikmesi nedeniyle çocuk psikiyatri polikliniklerine başvuran çocuklara ne oldu? 2 yıl sonrasına ait veriler. Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi. 2020;13(2):373-384.
  • 3. Boyle J. Speech and language delays in preschool children. BMJ 2011;343:d5181.
  • 4. Huttenlocher J, Haight W, Bryk A, Seltzer M, Lyons T. Early vocabulary growth: Relation to language input and gender. Dev Psychol.1991;27(2):236–48.
  • 5. Feldman HM, Dale PS, Campbell TF, Colborn DK, Kurs-Lasky M, Rockette HE. Concurrent and predictive validity of parent reports of child language at ages 2 and 3 years. Child Dev. 2005;76(4):856-68.
  • 6. Kayiran SM, Soyak G, & Gürakan B. Electronic media use by children in families of high socioeconomic level and familial factors. Turk J Pediatr. 2010;52(5):491-499.
  • 7. McLaughlin MR. Speech and language delay in children. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83:183-8.
  • 8. Serdaroğlu A, Cansu A, Ozkan S, Tezcan S. Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Turkish children between the ages of 2 and 16 years. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48(6):413-416.
  • 9. Fox AV, Dodd B, & Howard D. Risk factors for speech disorders in children. Int J Lang Commun Disord.2002;37(2):117–132. 10. Zubrick SR, Taylor CL, Rice ML, & Slegers DW. Late language emergence at 24 months: An epidemiological study of prevalence, predictors, and covariates. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2007;50(6): 1562–1592.
  • 11. McLeod S, & Harrison LJ. Epidemiology of speech and language impairment in a nationally representative sample of 4-to 5-year-old children. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2009;52(5):1213-1229.
  • 12. Hatice Sevgen F, & Altun H. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Polikliniğine Başvuran 0-5 Yaş Arası Çocukların Başvuru Şikayetleri ve Psikiyatrik Tanıları. Journal of Mood Disorders. 2017;7(4):205–211.
  • 13. Keskindemirci G, Gokcay G. Screen exposure in children with language delay; results of pilot study. J Ist Faculty Med. 2020;82(4):29-30.
  • 14. Weindrich D, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Laucht M, Esser G, & Schmidt MH. Epidemiology and prognosis of specific disorders of language and scholastic skills. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;9(3):186–194.
  • 15. Kılıç C. Türkiye’de Ruhsal Hastalıkların Yaygınlığı Ve Ruhsal Tedavi İhtiyacı Konusunda Neredeyiz? Toplum ve Hekim Dergisi 2020;35(3):179-187.
  • 16. Stanton-Chapman TL, Chapman DA, Bainbridge NL, Scott KG. Identification of early risk factors for language impairment. Res Dev Disabil. 2002;23(6):390–405.
  • 17. Sunderajan T, & Kanhere SV. Speech and language delay in children: Prevalence and risk factors. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(5):1642–1646.
  • 18. Duch H, Fisher EM, Ensari İ et al. Association of Screen Time Use and Language Development in Hispanic Toddlers: A CrossSectional and Longitudinal Study. Clin Pediatr 2013;52(9):857- 65.
  • 19. AAP. Announces new recommendations for children’s media use. 21.10.2016 Available from: URL: https://www. aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/ american-academy-of-pediatrics-announces- newrecommendations- for- childrens- media-use.aspx. Son Erişim 03.06.2021.
  • 20. Harrison LJ, & McLeod S. Risk and protective factors associated with speech and language impairment in a nationally representative sample of 4-to 5-year-old children. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2010;53(2): 508-529.
  • 21. Küçük Ö, Ulaş G, Yaylacı F, & Miral S. Geniş otizm fenotipi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2018;10(2):228-248.
  • 22. Tuchman R. Autism and social cognition in epilepsy: implications for comprehensive epilepsy care. Current opinion in neurology. 2013;26(2):214-218.
  • 23. Sevketoglu T, Kilincaslan A, & Mukaddes MN. Autistic spectrum disorders in individuals with severe hearing impairment. . Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;20(1):148-149.
  • 24. Barth Oeseburg, Geke J Dijkstra, Johan W Groothoff, Sijmen A Reijneveld, Daniëlle E. M. C Jansen. Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions in Children With Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Literature Review. Intellect Dev Disabil. 2011;49(2):59–85.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Arzu Çalışkan Demir 0000-0002-0835-380X

Özlem Özcan 0000-0003-3267-2648

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 30 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 46 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

MLA Çalışkan Demir, Arzu ve Özlem Özcan. “Diagnosis and Clinical Characteristics of Children With Speech Delay”. Cukurova Medical Journal, c. 46, sy. 4, 2021, ss. 1493-9, doi:10.17826/cumj.979055.