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New analysis of the comparative diagnostic performances of five different eGFR equations: The revised 2021 CKD-EPI eGFR, and the four older equations

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4, 1523 - 1530, 28.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1122223

Öz

Purpose: In 2021, the CKD-EPI-creatinine and CKD-EPI-creatinine-cystatin-C combined equations were revised again by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and it was reported that its accuracy was increased. The main object of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy and performance of 2009 CKD-EPI eGFRcr, 2012 CKD-EPI eGFRCysC, 2012 CKD-EPI eGFRcr-CysC, MDRD, and revised 2021 CKD-EPI to provide a better estimation.
Materials and Methods: The study design was prospective. The sample consisted of 111 CKD patients and 35 healthy individuals who applied to the nephrology clinic. All participants were evaluated by a nephrologist. The participants were divided into study groups according to their KDIGO classification. Five variables were used: age, race, gender, serum creatinine, and serum cystatin-C.
Results: 2012 CKD-EPI eGFR cystatin-C out performed existing equations in terms of accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity (AUC:0.988). Furthermore, when both creatinine and cystatin-C are included in an equation, it consistently improves diagnostic values over formulas containing only creatinine (2009CKD-EPI eGFRcr AUC:0.953, 2012CKD-EPI eGFRcr-CysC AUC: 0.985, 2021CKD-EPI eGFRcr AUC:0.954, MDRD AUC: 0.953, 2021CKD-EPI eGFRcr-CysC AUC: 0.985).
Conclusion: The new formula has not been confirmed to be superior to other equations in its ability to estimate eGFR values, particularly at higher levels of chronic kidney disease. When compared with existing equations, 2012 CKD-EPI eGFRCysC had higher specificity and sensitivity. Combined formulas containing both blood tests had higher diagnostic values than equations containing only creatinine. Our results can help inform which equations to use for better estimation in renal function screening.

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bikbov B, Purcell CA, Levey AS, Smith M, Abdoli A, Abebe M, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The lancet. 2020;395(10225):709-33.
  • 2. Kovesdy CP. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney International Supplements. 2022;12(1):7-11.
  • 3. Jager KJ, Kovesdy C, Langham R, Rosenberg M, Jha V, Zoccali C. A single number for advocacy and communication—worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases. Oxford University Press; 2019. p. 1803-5.
  • 4. Lamb EJ, Tomson CR, Roderick PJ. Estimating kidney function in adults using formulae. Annals of clinical biochemistry. 2005;42(5):321-45.
  • 5. Lopes MB, Araújo LQ, Passos MT, Nishida SK, Kirsztajn GM, Cendoroglo MS, et al. Estimation of glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C in octogenarians and nonagenarians. BMC nephrology. 2013;14(1):1-9.
  • 6. Güner İ. Biochemistry of Acute and Chronic Renal Failure. The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital.12(4):279-88.
  • 7. Stevens LA, Coresh J, Greene T, Levey AS. Assessing kidney function—measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate. New England Journal of Medicine. 2006;354(23):2473-83.
  • 8. Dharnidharka VR, Kwon C, Stevens G. Serum cystatin C is superior to serum creatinine as a marker of kidney function: a meta-analysis. American journal of kidney diseases. 2002;40(2):221-6.
  • 9. Wasén E, Isoaho R, Mattila K, Vahlberg T, Kivelä S-L, Irjala K. Serum cystatin C in the aged: relationships with health status. American journal of kidney diseases. 2003;42(1):36-43.
  • 10. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang Y, Castro III AF, Feldman HI, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Annals of internal medicine. 2009;150(9):604-12.
  • 11. Stevens LA, Coresh J, Schmid CH, Feldman HI, Froissart M, Kusek J, et al. Estimating GFR using serum cystatin C alone and in combination with serum creatinine: a pooled analysis of 3,418 individuals with CKD. American journal of kidney diseases. 2008;51(3):395-406.
  • 12. Inker LA, Eneanya ND, Coresh J, Tighiouart H, Wang D, Sang Y, et al. New creatinine-and cystatin C–based equations to estimate GFR without race. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;385(19):1737-49.
  • 13. Diao JA, Wu GJ, Taylor HA, Tucker JK, Powe NR, Kohane IS, et al. Clinical implications of removing race from estimates of kidney function. Jama. 2021;325(2):184-6.
  • 14. Eneanya ND, Yang W, Reese PP. Reconsidering the consequences of using race to estimate kidney function. Jama. 2019;322(2):113-4.
  • 15. Hsu C-y, Yang W, Parikh RV, Anderson AH, Chen TK, Cohen DL, et al. Race, genetic ancestry, and estimating kidney function in CKD. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;385(19):1750-60.
  • 16. Amutah C, Greenidge K, Mante A, Munyikwa M, Surya SL, Higginbotham E, et al. Misrepresenting race—the role of medical schools in propagating physician bias. Mass Medical Soc; 2021. p. 872-8.
  • 17. Shlipak MG, Katz R, Kestenbaum B, Fried LF, Newman AB, Siscovick DS, et al. Rate of kidney function decline in older adults: a comparison using creatinine and cystatin C. American journal of nephrology. 2009;30(3):171-8.
  • 18. Uçucu S, Durmuş A. Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of CKD-EPI cystatin-C, CKD-EPI creatinine and 24-hour creatinine clearance for estimating GFR: a preliminary study. Cukurova Medical Journal. 2020;46(1):1-10.
  • 19. Mouton R, Holder K. Laboratory tests of renal function. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine. 2006;7(7):240-3.
  • 20. Diao JA, Inker LA, Levey AS, Tighiouart H, Powe NR, Manrai AK. In search of a better equation—performance and equity in estimates of kidney function. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;384(5):396-9.

Beş farklı eGFR denkleminin karşılaştırmalı teşhis performanslarının yeni analizi: Gözden geçirilmiş 2021 CKD-EPI ve dört eski denklem

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4, 1523 - 1530, 28.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1122223

Öz

Amaç: 2021 yılında Kronik Böbrek Hastalığı Epidemiyoloji İşbirliği (CKD-EPI) ve Ulusal Diyabet&Sindirim ve Böbrek Hastalıkları Enstitüsü (NIDDK) tarafından CKD-EPI-kreatinin ve CKD-EPI-kreatinin-sistatin-C kombine formülü yeniden revize edilmiş ve doğruluğunun arttırıldığı bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı daha iyi bir öngörü sağlamak için 2009 CKD-EPI eGFRcr, 2012 CKD-EPI eGFRCysC, 2012 CKD-EPI eGFRcr-CysC, MDRD ve revize edilmiş 2021 CKD-EPI'nin tanısal doğruluk ve performansını karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma tasarımı prospektifti. Örneklem, nefroloji kliniğine başvuran 111 KBH hastası ve 35 sağlıklı bireyden oluşmaktaydı. Tüm katılımcılar bir nefrolog tarafından değerlendirildi. Katılımcılar KDIGO sınıflandırmalarına göre çalışma gruplarına ayrılmıştır. Yaş, ırk, cinsiyet, serum kreatinin ve serum sistatin-C olmak üzere beş değişken kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: 2012 CKD-EPI eGFR sistatin-C, doğruluk, özgüllük ve duyarlılık açısından mevcut denklemlerden daha iyi performans gösterdi (AUC:0.988). Revize edilmiş 2021 CKD-EPI denklemleriyle karşılaştırıldığında, eGFR sistatin-c, üç performans metriğinin hepsinde sürekli olarak daha iyi performans gösterdi. Ayrıca, bir denkleme hem kreatinin hem de sistatin-C dahil edildiğinde, yalnızca kreatinin içeren formüllere göre tanısal değerleri tutarlı bir şekilde iyileştirir (2009CKD-EPI eGFRcr AUC:0.953, 2012CKD-EPI eGFRcr-CysC AUC: 0.985, 2021CKD-EPI eGFRcr AUC:0.954, MDRD AUC: 0.953, 2021CKD-EPI eGFRcr-CysC AUC: 0.985).
Sonuç: Yeni formülün, özellikle daha yüksek kronik böbrek hastalığı seviyelerinde eGFR değerlerini öngörme yeteneği bakımından diğer denklemlerden üstün olduğu doğrulanmamıştır. Mevcut denklemler karşılaştırıldığında 2012 CKD-EPI eGFRCysC daha yüksek özgüllüğe ve duyarlılığa sahipti. Her iki kan testini içeren birleşik formüller, sadece kreatinin içeren denklemlerden daha yüksek tanısal değerlerine sahipti. Sonuçlarımız, böbrek fonksiyon taramasında daha iyi tahmin için hangi denklemlerin kullanılacağı konusunda bilgi vermede yardımcı olabilir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bikbov B, Purcell CA, Levey AS, Smith M, Abdoli A, Abebe M, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The lancet. 2020;395(10225):709-33.
  • 2. Kovesdy CP. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney International Supplements. 2022;12(1):7-11.
  • 3. Jager KJ, Kovesdy C, Langham R, Rosenberg M, Jha V, Zoccali C. A single number for advocacy and communication—worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases. Oxford University Press; 2019. p. 1803-5.
  • 4. Lamb EJ, Tomson CR, Roderick PJ. Estimating kidney function in adults using formulae. Annals of clinical biochemistry. 2005;42(5):321-45.
  • 5. Lopes MB, Araújo LQ, Passos MT, Nishida SK, Kirsztajn GM, Cendoroglo MS, et al. Estimation of glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C in octogenarians and nonagenarians. BMC nephrology. 2013;14(1):1-9.
  • 6. Güner İ. Biochemistry of Acute and Chronic Renal Failure. The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital.12(4):279-88.
  • 7. Stevens LA, Coresh J, Greene T, Levey AS. Assessing kidney function—measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate. New England Journal of Medicine. 2006;354(23):2473-83.
  • 8. Dharnidharka VR, Kwon C, Stevens G. Serum cystatin C is superior to serum creatinine as a marker of kidney function: a meta-analysis. American journal of kidney diseases. 2002;40(2):221-6.
  • 9. Wasén E, Isoaho R, Mattila K, Vahlberg T, Kivelä S-L, Irjala K. Serum cystatin C in the aged: relationships with health status. American journal of kidney diseases. 2003;42(1):36-43.
  • 10. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang Y, Castro III AF, Feldman HI, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Annals of internal medicine. 2009;150(9):604-12.
  • 11. Stevens LA, Coresh J, Schmid CH, Feldman HI, Froissart M, Kusek J, et al. Estimating GFR using serum cystatin C alone and in combination with serum creatinine: a pooled analysis of 3,418 individuals with CKD. American journal of kidney diseases. 2008;51(3):395-406.
  • 12. Inker LA, Eneanya ND, Coresh J, Tighiouart H, Wang D, Sang Y, et al. New creatinine-and cystatin C–based equations to estimate GFR without race. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;385(19):1737-49.
  • 13. Diao JA, Wu GJ, Taylor HA, Tucker JK, Powe NR, Kohane IS, et al. Clinical implications of removing race from estimates of kidney function. Jama. 2021;325(2):184-6.
  • 14. Eneanya ND, Yang W, Reese PP. Reconsidering the consequences of using race to estimate kidney function. Jama. 2019;322(2):113-4.
  • 15. Hsu C-y, Yang W, Parikh RV, Anderson AH, Chen TK, Cohen DL, et al. Race, genetic ancestry, and estimating kidney function in CKD. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;385(19):1750-60.
  • 16. Amutah C, Greenidge K, Mante A, Munyikwa M, Surya SL, Higginbotham E, et al. Misrepresenting race—the role of medical schools in propagating physician bias. Mass Medical Soc; 2021. p. 872-8.
  • 17. Shlipak MG, Katz R, Kestenbaum B, Fried LF, Newman AB, Siscovick DS, et al. Rate of kidney function decline in older adults: a comparison using creatinine and cystatin C. American journal of nephrology. 2009;30(3):171-8.
  • 18. Uçucu S, Durmuş A. Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of CKD-EPI cystatin-C, CKD-EPI creatinine and 24-hour creatinine clearance for estimating GFR: a preliminary study. Cukurova Medical Journal. 2020;46(1):1-10.
  • 19. Mouton R, Holder K. Laboratory tests of renal function. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine. 2006;7(7):240-3.
  • 20. Diao JA, Inker LA, Levey AS, Tighiouart H, Powe NR, Manrai AK. In search of a better equation—performance and equity in estimates of kidney function. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;384(5):396-9.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Süheyl Uçucu 0000-0002-6320-2457

Erdinç Serin 0000-0002-4670-2708

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 29 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

MLA Uçucu, Süheyl ve Erdinç Serin. “New Analysis of the Comparative Diagnostic Performances of Five Different EGFR Equations: The Revised 2021 CKD-EPI EGFR, and the Four Older Equations”. Cukurova Medical Journal, c. 47, sy. 4, 2022, ss. 1523-30, doi:10.17826/cumj.1122223.