Performance Comparison of Battery Chemistries in Electric Buses Using Matlab Simulink Examples of LFP, LTO and NMC

Abstract

Studies on energy efficiency and storage are being conducted both globally. Considering energy efficiency, safety, environmental impact, and total costs throughout the lifespan of electric vehicles, proper battery selection is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and optimizing energy resource usage. Parameters such as energy density, cycle life, charging time, thermal runaway risk, and cost play a significant role in determining the right battery type, particularly for public transportation vehicles. This study com-pares the parameters of LFP, LTO, and NMC batteries used in electric buses and examines their performances under identical usage scenarios and weights. To determine the most suitable battery chemistry for electric buses, a 10-year simulation was conduct-ed based on SORT-2 (Standardized On-Road Test Cycle) and the Istanbul Metrobus driving cycles, analyzing parameters such as energy density, cycle life, daily charging counts, energy consumption per kilometer, and energy consumption over a daily range of 400 km. Previous studies in the literature have emphasized the importance of selecting the appropriate battery type to enhance energy efficiency, especially in public transportation vehicles. Simulation results indicate that while LFP batteries offer long cycle life and low spatial requirements, they are disadvantageous in terms of energy density and fast charging/discharging. LTO batteries exhibit the highest cycle life and fastest charging/discharging capabilities, but their low energy density and high spatial requirements are notable drawbacks. NMC batteries provide high energy density and spatial advantages but suffer from low cycle life and ther-mal runaway risks

Keywords

• Electric vehicles
• Battery chemistry
• Energy efficiency
• Cycle life
• Charging time

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