The Relatıonshıp Between Presenteeism And Tendency To Make Medical Error: A Research On Nurses

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the relationnship between Presenteeism and Tendency to Medical Error. 288 nurses, who were taking office at Sivas Numune Hospital between dates October 15, 2019 and January 31, 2020, and who voluntarily approved to participate in the study, constituted the sample of the research. Personal Information Form, Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS 6), and Tendency to Medical Error in Nursing Scale (TMENS) were used for the collection of data. The data collected was transferred to computer environment, and analyzed by the SPSS 22.0 statistics software package. Cronbach’s alpha analysis, frequency and percentage distribution, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Shapiro–Wilk test of normality, Mann-Whitney U test, analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis test, correlation coefficient, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and Tamhane’s T2 test were used in the evaluation of data. It was found that the presenteeism levels of the participants were high and the tendency to make medical errors was quite low. It was determined that the levels of presenteism and tendency to make medical mistakes differ according to some demographic characteristics. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between presenteeism and the tendency to make medical errors. As a result, it was determined that the increase in the presenteeism behaviors of the nurses did not cause an increase in the medical error tendency. However, the phenomenon of presenteeism in health institutions is a very common issue that should be considered in terms of threatening patient safety. As a result of the study, it can be recommended to inform health workers and health managers about presenteeism and to encourage health workers to report medical errors.

Keywords

• Presenteeism
• Medical Error
• Tendency to Medical Error
• Malpractice
• Nursing.

Presenteizm İle Tıbbi Hata Yapma Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki: Hemşireler Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı “Presenteizm İle Tıbbi Hata Yapma Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki”yi belirlemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 15 Ekim 2019- 31 Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında, Sivas Numune Hastanesi’nde çalışmakta olan ve çalışmaya katılmayı gönüllü oalrak kabul eden 288 hemşire oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Standford Presenteizm Ölçeği (SPS 6), ve Hemşirelikte Tıbbi Hataya Eğilim Ölçeği (HTHEÖ) kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler bilgisayar ortamına aktarılarak SPSS 22.0 istatistik paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Cronbach Alfa analizi, Frekans ve Yüzde dağılımı, Kolmograow-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk Normallik testi, Mann Whitney U, Varyans analizi, Kruskal Wallis testi, Korelasyon katsayısı, Spearman korelasyon katsayısı ve Tamhane’s T2 testleri kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların presenteizm düzeyleri yüksek, tıbbi hata yapma eğilimi düzeyleri ise oldukça düşük bulunmuştur. Presenteizm ve tıbbi hata yapma eğilimi düzeylerinin bazı demografik özelliklere göre farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte presenteizm ile tıbbi hata yapma eğilimi arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Sonuç olarak hemşirelerin presenteizm davranışlarındaki artışın tıbbi hata eğiliminde bir artışa neden olmadığı saptanmıştır. Ancak sağlık kurumlarında presenteizm olgusu, hasta güvenliğini tehdit etmesi açısından dikkate alınması gereken çok yaygın bir sorundur. Çalışma sonucunda sağlık çalışanlarının ve sağlık yöneticilerinin presenteizm konusunda bilgilendirilmesi ve sağlık çalışanlarının tıbbi hataları bildirmeye teşvik edilmesi önerilebilir.

Keywords

• Presenteizm
• Tıbbi Hata
• Tıbbi Hataya Eğilim
• Malpraktis
• Hemşirelik.

References

1. Alemdar KD, Aktaş YY (2013) Medical Error Types and Causes Made by Nurses in Turkey. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 12(3):07-310.
2. Altunkan H (2009) Hemşirelik Hizmeti Sunan Sağlık Personelinde Malpraktis: Konya Örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 126 Sayfa.
3. Aronsson G, Gustafsson K, Dallner M (2000) Sick but yet at work. An empirical study of sickness presenteeism. J Epidemiol Community Health. 54: 502-509.
4. Aronsson G, Gustafsson K. (2005) Sickness Presenteeism: Prevalence, Attendance-Pressure Factors, and an Outline of a Model for Research. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 47(9): 958–966.
5. Aronsson G, Marklund S (2019) Sickness Presenteeism and Attendance-Pressure Factors. Cambridge University Press. 145-165.
6. Aysun K, Bayram Ş (2017) Determining the level and cost of sickness presenteeism among hospital staff in Turkey. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE). 23(4): 501-509.
7. Baeriswyl S, Elfering A, Berset M (2016) How Workload and Coworker Support Relate to Emotional Exhaustion: The Mediating Role of Sickness Presenteeism. International Journal of Stress Management. 24(1): 52-73.
8. Ballard AK (2003) Patient safety: A shared responsibility. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 8(3).

9. Bari A, Khan AR, Rathore WA (2016) Medical Errors; Causes, Consequences, Emotional Response and Resulting Behavioral Change. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 32(3): 523-528.
10. Baysal G, Baysal İA, Akpınar GM (2016) Turizm İşletmelerinde Presenteeism (İşte Var Olamama Sorunu) İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliğine Etkisi, 1. Uluslararası İş Güvenliği Ve Çalışan Sağlığı Kongresi. 238-239.
11. Biron C, Brun JP, Ivers H, Cooper C (2006) At work but ill: psychosocial work environment and wellbeing determinants of presenteeism propensity. Journal of Public Mental Health. 5(4): 26-37.
12. Biron C, Karanika-Murray M, Pontes HM, Griffiths MD(2015) Sickness presenteeism determines job satisfaction via affective-motivational states, Social Science & Medicine. 139: 100–106.
13. Böckerman P, Laukkanen E (2009) Presenteeısm In Fınland: Determınants By Gender And The Sector Of Economy, Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi. 9(3): 1007-1016.
14. Brborović H, Brborović O (2017) Patient safety culture shapes presenteeism and absenteeism: a cross-sectional study among Croatian healthcare workers, Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 68(3): 185–189.
15. Brborović H, Brborović O, Brumen V, Pavleković G, Mustajbegović J (2014) Are nurse presenteeism and patient safety culture associated: a cross-sectional study. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 65(2): 149-156.
16. Caverley N, Cunningham J, Macgregor J (2007) Sickness Presenteeism, Sickness Absenteeism, and Health Following Restructuring in a Public Service Organization, Journal of Management Studies. 44(2): 304-319.
17. Cho H, Steege LM (2021) Nurse Fatigue and Nurse, Patient Safety, and Organizational Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Western Journal of Nursing Research; https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945921990892 .
18. Chun BY, Hwang Y, Gender (2018) Presenteeism, and Turnover Intention and the Mediation Effect of Presenteeism in the Workplace, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. 120(6): 4821-4836.
19. Coşkun Ö (2012) İki İşyerinde İşe Devamsızlık Ve Kendini İşe Verememede Etkili Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Doktora Tezi, 117 sf.
20. Cullen J, McLaughlin A (2006) What Drives The Persistence Of Presenteeism As Managerial Value İn Hotels?: Observations Noted During An Irish Work-Life Balance Research Project. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 25: 510-516.
21. Çırpı F, Doğan Merih Y, Yaşar Kocabey M (2009) Hasta Güvenliğine Yönelik Hemşirelik Uygulamalarının ve Hemşirelerin Bu Konudaki Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi. 2(3): 26-34.
22. Çiçek B, Aknar A (2019) Kişilik Özelliklerinin Tükenmişlik ve Presenteizm Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi. 54(3): 1234-1258.
23. Çiftçi B (2010) İşte var ol(ama)ma sorunu ve işletmelerin uygulayabileceği çözüm önerileri. Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi. 1(24): 153-174.
24. Çoban Ö, Harman S (2012) Presenteeism: Nedenleri, Yarattığı Örgütsel Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri Üzerine Bir Alan Yazın Taraması. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 12(23): 157-178.
25. Demir Dikmen Y, Yorgun S, Yeşilçam N (2014) Hemşirelerin Tıbbi Hatalara Eğilimlerinin Belirlenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 1(1): 44-56.
26. Edington WD, Schultz AB (2008) The total value of health: a review of literatüre. International Journal of Workplace Health Management. 1(1): 8-19.
27. Ertem G, Oksel E, Akbıyık A (2009) Hatalı Tıbbi Uygulamalar (Malpraktis) ile İlgili Retrospektif Bir İnceleme. Dirim Tıp Gazetesi. 84(1): 1-10.
28. Ertürk E, Erdirençelebi M, Gökçe Ş (2017) Çalışanların Yaşadığı Presenteeism ve İş Yaşam Dengesi Arasındaki İlişki, Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Özel Sayı: 193-203.
29. Etyemez S, Aslan Z (2018) İş Güvencesizliğinin İşte Var Olamama Sorununa Etkisinde Sürekli Kaygının Aracılık Rolü: Konaklama İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 11(37): 1019-1021.
30. Freeling M, Rainbow JG, Chamberlain D (2020) Painting a picture of nurse presenteeism: A multi-country integrative review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 109, 103659.
31. Gaffney TA, Hatcher BJ, Milligan R. (2016) Nurses’ role in medical error recovery: an integrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 25(7-8): 906–917.
32. Gartner FR, Nieuwenhuijsen K, Dijk FJH, Sluiter JK (2010) The impact of common mental disorders on the work functioning of nurses and allied health professionals: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 47: 1047–1061.
33. George R, Chiba M, Scheepers C (2017) An investigation into the effect of leadership style on stress-related presenteeism in South African knowledge workers. SA Journal of Human Resource Management. 15(1): 1-13.
34. Heponiemi T, Elovainio M, Pentti J, Virtanen M, Westerlund H, et al (2010) Association of Contractual and Subjective Job Insecurity With Sickness Presenteeism Among Public Sector Employees. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 52(8): 830,835.
35. Johns G (2010) Presenteizm in the Workplace: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 31: 520-526.
36. Kaygın E, Kerse G, Yılmaz T (2017) Kamu Çalışanlarında Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Presenteeism Arasındaki İlişki: Kars İl Örneği, Ombudsman Akademik. 3(6): 181-204.
37. Koopman C, Pelletier KR, vd. (2002) Stanford Presenteeism Scale: Health Status and Employee Productivity. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 44(1): 14-20. Leape LL, Bates DW, Cullen DJ. Et al (1995) Systems analyss of adverse drug events. ADE Prevention Study Group. JAMA. 274(1): 35-43.
38. Letvak SA, Ruhm CJ, Gupta SN (2012) Nurses’ presenteeism and its effects on self-reported quality of care and costs. The American Journal of Nursing. 112(2): 30-38.
39. Martinez W, Lo B (2008) Medical students’ experiences with medical errors: an analysis of medical student essays, Medical Education. 42: 733-741.
40. Mazzetti G, Vignoli M, Schaufeli W, Guglielmi D (2017) Work addiction and presenteeism: The buffering role of managerial support. International Journal of Psychology. 54(2): 174-179.
41. Melnyk BM, Orsolini L, Tan A, Arslanian-Engoren C, Melkus GD, Dunbar-Jacob J, Lewis LM (2018) A National Study Links Nurses’ Physical and Mental Health to Medical Errors and Perceived Worksite Wellness, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 60(2): 126–131.
42. Miller LA (2003) Safety promotion and error reduction in perinatal care: Lessons from industry. J Perinat Neonat Nurs. 17(2): 128-138.
43. Min A, Kang M, Hong HC (2021) Sickness Presenteeism in Shift and Non-Shift Nurses: Using the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 18: 3236- 3248.
44. Nandi D, Nandi N (2014) Application of Big Five Model of Personality for Employee Presenteeism in the Workplace, Global Journal For Research Analysıs. 3(7): 162-163.
45. Nyberg A, Westerlund H, Hanson L, Theorell T (2008) Managerial leadership is associated with self-reported sickness absence and sickness presenteeism among Swedish men and women. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 36: 803–811.
46. Özata M, Altunkan H (2010) Hastanelerde Tıbbi Hata Görülme Sıklıkları, Tıbbi Hata Türleri ve Tıbbi Hata Türlerinin Belirlenmesi: Konya Örneği. Tıp Araştırmaları Dergisi. 8(2): 100-111.
47. Prater T, Smith K (2011) Underlying Factors Contributing To Presenteeism And Absenteeism. Journal of Business & Economics Research. 9(6): 1-14.
48. Rainbow JG (2019) Presenteeism: Nurse perceptions and consequences. J Nurs Manag. 27: 1530–1537.
49. Rainbow JG, Drake DA, Steege LM (2019) Nurse Health, Work Environment. Presenteeism and Patient Safety, Western Journal of Nursing Research: 1-17.
50. Rainbow JG, Dudding KM, Bethel CA (2021) Qualitative Study Describing Nurses' Experiences With Presenteeism. The Journal Of Nursıng Admınıstratıon. 51(3): 135-140.
51. Ricci JA, Chee E (2005) Lost Productive Time Associated With Excess Weight İn The US Workforce, Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Medicine. 47(12): 1227-1234.
52. Rogers AE, Dean GE, Hwang WT, Scott LD (2008) Role of registered nurses in error prevention, discovery and correction, Quality & Safety in Health Care. 17: 117-121.
53. Rothschild JM, Landrigan CP, Cronin JW, Kaushal R, Lockley SW, Burdick E. et al (2005) The Critical Care Safety Study: The incidence and nature of adverse events and serious medical errors in intensive care. Critical Care Medicine. 33(8): 1694–1700.
54. Schultz AB, Edington DW (2007) Employee Health and Presenteeism: A Systematic Review. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. 17(3): 547–579.
55. Shamansky SL (2002) Presenteeism. Or When Being There is Not Being There. Public Health Nursing. 19(2): 79–80.
56. Shan G, Wang S, Wang W, Guo S, Li L (2021) Presenteeism in Nurses: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes From the Perspectives of Nurses and Chief Nurses. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 11:1-10.
57. Sümbüllüoğlu K (2019) Biyoistatistik. Hatiboğlu Yayınevi.
58. Twain M (1892) The American Claiment, Cahrles L. Webter and C.
59. Ulu S, Özdevecioğlu M, Ardıç K (2015) Kişilik Özelliklerinin Hasta İken İşe Gelme (Presenteizm) Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkileri: İmalat Sanayiinde Bir Araştırma, Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 47: 167-181.
60. Uysal A, Karakurt P (2020) Hemşirelerin Mesleğe Bağlılık Durumlarının Tıbbi Hata Yapma Eğilimlerine Etkisi, Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 14(3) :349-361.
61. Virtanen M, Kıvımakı M, Elovaınıo M, Ferrıe JE (2003) From insecure to secure employment: changes in work, health, and health related behaviors, and siccness absence. Occupational Environment Medicine. 60: 948-953.
62. Wong J, Beglaryan H (2004) Strategies for Hospitals to Improve Patient Safety: A Review of the Research. The Change Foundation.
63. Yamashita M, Arakida M (2006) Concept analysis of presenteeism and its possible applications in Japanese occupational health. Journal of Occupational Health. 48(6): 201-213.
64. Yeşiltaş DM, Ayaz E (2019) İş stresi ve rol belirsizliğinin presenteizm (işte var olamama) üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi OPUS, Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(18. UİK Özel Sayısı): 741-771.
65. Yokota J, Fukutani N, Nin K, Yamanaka H, Et al (2018) Association of low back pain with presenteeism in hospital nursing staff. Journal of Occupational Health. 61: 219-226.
66. Yücel E. (2020) Presenteizm ve İş Tatmini Arasındaki İlişki: Turizm Sektöründe Bir Araştırma, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 29(1): 226-238.
67. Zhou Q, Martinez L, Ferreira A, Rodrigue P (2016) Supervisor support, role ambiguity and productivity associated with presenteeism: A longitudinal study. Journal of Business Research. 69(9): 3380-3387.