PLANT VIRUSES TRANSMITTED BY THRIPS (THRIPIDAE: THYSANOPTERA)

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 1 - 11, 01.03.2008

Mehmet Şevik

Öz

Thrips species, the order of Thysanoptera, belonging to the family of Thripidae, transmit a number of plant viruses. Thrips, polyphag pests and have a wide range of hosts plants, particularly, cause to economic damage on various crops in greenhouses. These species lead to damage directly by feeding on plants and affect healty plants by transmitting a number of tospoviruses, destructive, like Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). About 14 thrips species belonging to the famil of Thripidae can transmit 19 plant viruses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

THRİPS (THRİPİDAE: THYSANOPTERA) TÜRLERİ İLE TAŞINAN BİTKİ VİRÜSLERİ

Öz

Thysanoptera takımı Thripidae familyasına ait trips türleri çok sayıda bitki virüsünü taşımaktadır. Tripsler, polifag zararlılardır ve çok geniş konukçu dizisine sahiptirler. Özellikle seralarda çeşitli kültür bitkilerinde büyük zararlara neden olmaktadırlar. Kültür bitkilerinde beslenerek oluşturdukları direkt zararları yanında Domates lekeli solgunluk virüsü (TSWV) gibi oldukça tahripkar çok sayıda tospovirüsüne vektörlük ederek de indirekt zararlara neden olurlar. Thripidae familyasından yaklaşık 14 trips türü 19 adet bitki virüsünün taşımasında rol oynamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Virüs, Vektör, Trips, Tospovirüs

Kaynakça

• Allen, W. R., Broadbent, A.B., 1986. Transmission of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Ontario Greenhouses by Frankliniella occidentalis. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 8: 33-38.
• Andret-Linki, P., Fuchsi, M., 2005. Transmıssıon Specıfıcıty Of Plant Vıruses By Vectors. Journal of Plant Pathology, 87 (3): 153-165
• Anonim, 2000. Negative-strand RNA viruses of Eukaryotic Hosts. MİCR/MCB 429/ 529. 11-12.
• Anonim, 2006. ICTVdB Management:. Ilarvirus In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/ Anonim, 2008.
• http://www.hort.uconn.edu/ipm/homegrnd/htms/52wfthr.htm
• Pundt, L.S., Western Flower Thrips. University of Connecticut Integrated Pest Management.
• Arli-Sokmen, M., Mennan, H., Sevik, M.A., Ecevit, O., 2005. Occurrence of viruses in field-grown pepper crops and some of their reservoir weed hosts in Samsun, Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 33 (4): 347-358.
• Arli-Sokmen, M., Sevik, M.A., 2006. Viruses infecting field-grown tomatoes in Samsun province, Turkey. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 39 (2):1-6.
• Atakan, E., Özgür, A.F., 1999. Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)’ nin pamuk bitkisinde yumurta bırakma yerinin tespiti. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 23(2): 135-141.
• Atakan, E., Uygur, S., Özgür, A.F., 1999. Çiçek thripsi, Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)’ ne konukçuluk eden yabanco ot türleri. Türkiye Herboloji Dergisi, Cilt 2, Sayı 1, 32-38.
• Atakan, E., 2003. Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)’ nin pamuk bitkisinde zararının araştırılması. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 27(1): 39-49.
• Atakan, E., Uygur, S., 2005. Winter and spring abundanceof Frankliniella spp. and Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysan., Thripidae)on weed host plants in Turkey. Journal of Applied Entomoloy, 129 (1): 17-26.
• Azeri, T., 1994. Detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus in tobacco and tomato cultuvars by ELISA. J. Turkish Phytopathology Vol: 23 (1), 37-46.
• Bouwen, I., 1991. Carmoviruses: Tombusviridae. Plant Viruses Online Descriptions and http://image.fs.uidaho.edu/vide/descr590.htm from the VIDE Database.
• Brunt, A.A., Gordon, D.T., 1987. Maize chlorotic mottle machlomovirus http://image.fs.uidaho.edu/vide/descr464.htm
• Coutts, B.A., Jones, R.A.C., 2005. Suppressing spread of Tomato spotted wilt virus by drenching infected source or healty recipient plants with neonicotinoid insectisides to conrol thrips vectors. Ann. Applied Biology, 146: 95-103.
• Csinos, A.S., Pappu, H.R., McPherson, R.M., Stephenson, M.G., 2001. Management of Tomato spotted wilt virus in flue-cured tobacco with acibenzolor S methyl and imidacloprid. Plant Disease, 85: 292-296.
• Dağlı, F., Tunç, İ., 2006. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) üzerinde farklı gruplardan insektisidlerle yaprak kalıntı testleri. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19: 9-14.
• Fidan, Ü., 1993. Recent records on virus diseases of vegetables in Greenhouses. J.Turkish Phytopathology 22 (1): 45-45.
• Fulton, R.W. 1984. Tobacco streak ilarvirus. Plant virus online, descriptions and lists from the VİDE database. (http:// image.fs.uidaho.edu/vide/descr811.htm)
• German, T.L., Ullman, D.E., Moyer, J.W., 1992. Tospoviruses: Diagnosis, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny and Vector Relationships. Ann. Rev. Phytopathology, 30:315-348
• Goldbach, R.W., Peters, D., 1994. Possible causes of the emergence of Tospovirus diseases. Seminars in Virology, 5: 113-120.
• Gray, S.M., Banerjee, N., 1999. Mechanisms of Arthropod Transmission of Plant and Animal Viruses. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Rev., 63 (1): 128-148.
• Greber, R.S., Klose, M.J., Milne, J.R., Teakle, D.S., 1991. Transmission of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus using plum polen and thrips. Annals of Applied Biology, 118: 589-593.
• Greenough, D.R., Black, L.L., Bond. W.P., 1990. Aluminum-Surfaced Mulch: An Approach to the Control of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Solanaceous Crops. Plant Disease, 74:805-808.
• Güldür, M.E., Marchoux, G., Yürtmen, M., Yılmaz, M.A., 1995. Mersin ve çevresinde yetiştirilen domateslerde zararlı yeni bir virüs: Tomato spotted wilt virus. Türkiye VII. Fitopatoloji Kongresi, 26-29 Eylül, Adana, s: 303-305.
• Güldür, M.E., 1997. Şanlıurfa ili için yeni bir virüs: Domates lekeli sogunluk virüsü (TSWV). Harran Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Dergisi, 1 (3): 71-76.
• Hardy, V.G., Teakle, D.S., 1992. Transmission of Sowbane mosaic virüs by Thrips tabaci in the presence and absence of virus-carrying pollen. Annals of Applied Biology, 121: 315-320.
• Johnson, R.R., Black, L.L., Hobs, H.A., Valverde, R.A, Story, R.N., Bond, W.P., 1995. Association of Frankliniella fusca and three winter weeds with Tomato spotted wilt virus in Louisiana. Plant Disease 79: 572-576.
• Jones, D.R. 2005. Plant viruses transmitted by thrips. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 113: 119-157.
• Kirk, W.D.J., Terry, L.I., 2003. The spread of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 5: 301-310.
• Klose, M.J., Sdoodee, R., Teakle, D.S., Milne, J.R., Greber, R.S., Walter, G.H., 1996. Transmission of Three Strains of Tobacco Streak Ilarvirus by Different Thrips Species Using Virus-infected Pollen. J. of Phytopathology 144 (6) , 281–284.
• Krczal, G., Albouy, J., Damy, I., Kusiak, C., Deogratias, J.M., Moreau, J.P., Berkelmann, B., Wohanka, W., 1995. Transmission of Pelargonium flower break carmovirus (PFBV) in irrigation systems and by thrips. Plant Disease, 79: 163-166.
• Krisha-Kumar, N.K., Ullman, D.E., Cho, J.J., 1993. Evaluation of lycopersicon germ plasm for Tomato sotted wilt tospovirus resistance by mechanical and Trips transmission. Plant Disease 77: 938-941.
• Mau, R.F.L., Martin, J.L., 2002. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) Western Flower Trips. (www.extentohawai.edu/kbase/crop/type /f-occid html)
• Medeiros, R.B., Ullman, D.E., Sherwood, J.L., German, T.L., 2000. Immuno- precipitation of a 50-kDa protein: a candidate recepttor component for Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (Bunyaviridae) in its main vector, Frankliniella occidentalis. Virus Research, 67: 109-118.
• Milne, J.R., Walter, G.H., 2003. The coincidence of thrips and dispersed pollen in PNRSV-infected stonefruit orchards - a precondition for thrips-mediated transmission via infected pollen. Annals of Applied Biology 142 (3) , 291–298
• Momol, M.T., Olson, S., Funderburk, J.E., Stavisky, J., Morois, J.J., 2004. Integred Management of Tomato spotted wilt virus on tomatoes. Plant Disease, 88: 882-890.
• Mound, L.A., 2001. So many thrips – so few tospoviruses. Thrips and Tospoviruses: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Thysanoptera. Reggio Calabria, Italy, 15-18.
• Nagata, T., Almeida, A.C.L., De Resende, R.O., De Avila, A.C., 2002. The transmission specificity and efficiency of tospoviruses: Marullo R., Mound, L.A., (eds), Thrips and Tospoviruses: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Thysanoptera. Canberra, Australian National Insect Collection, p: 45-46.
• Ohnishi, J., Knight, L.M., Hosokawa, D., Fujisawa, I., Tsuda, S., 2001. Replication of Tomato spotted wilt virus after ingestion by adult trips setosus is restricted to midgut epithelial cells. Phytopathology 91: 1149-1155.
• Sadof, C.S., Cloyd, R.A., 1993. Ornamental insects: Western Flower Thrips. E-110, Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service. p: 1-4.
• Stumpf, C.F., Kennedy, G.G., 2005. Effects of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) isolates, host plants, and temperature on survival, size, and development time of Frankliniella fusca. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 114: 215-225.
• Tekinel, N., Dolar, M.S., Sağsöz, S., Salcan, Y., 1969. Mersin Bölgesinde ekonomik bakımdan önemli bazı sebzelerin virüsleri üzerinde araştırmalar. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 9 (1): 37-49.
• Tunç, İ, 1985. On some Thysanoptera from the Middle Black Sea region of Turkey. Türkiye Bitki Koruma Dergisi, 9: 217-224.
• Tunç, İ., Göçmen, H., 1995. Antalya’ da bulunan iki sera zararlısı Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acarina, Tarsonemidae) ve Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) üzerine notlar. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 19(2): 101-109.
• Turhan, P., Korkmaz, S., 2006. Çanakkale ilinde Domates lekeli solgunluk virüsü’ nün serolojik ve biyolojik yöntemlerle saptanması. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2): 130-136.
• Uhrig, J.F., Soellick, T.R., Minke, J., Philipp, C., Kellmann, J.W., Schreier, P.H., 1999. Homotypic interaction and multimerization of nucleocapsid protein of Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus: Identification and characterization of two interacting domains. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 96: 55-60.
• Ullman, D.E., German, T.L., Sherwood, J.L., Westcot, D.M., Cantone, F.A., 1993. Tospovirus replication in insect vector cells: Immunocytochemical evidence that the nonstructural protein encoded by the S RNA of Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus is present in trips vector cells. Phytopathology, 83: 456-463.
• Whitfield, A.E., Ullman, D.E., German, T.L., 2005. Tospovirus-Thrips İnteractions. Ann. Review of Phytopathology, 43: 459-494.
• Wijkamp, I., Peters, D., 1993. Determination of the median latent period of two tospoviruses in Frankliniella occidentalis using a novel leaf disk assay. Phytopathology, 82: 986-991.
• Wijkamp, I., Alarza, N., Goldbach, R., Peters, D., 1995. Distinct levels of specificity in thrips transmission of tospoviruses. Phytopathology, 85: 1069-1074.
• Wijkamp, I., Goldbach, R., Peters, D., 1996. Propagation of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Frankliniella occidentalis does neither result in pathological effects nor in transovarial passage of the virus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 81:285-292.
• Yılmaz, M.A., Baloğlu, S., Özaslan, M., Güldür, M.E., 1995. GAP bölgesinde kültür bitkilerinde belirlenen virüsler. GAP Bölgesi Bitki Koruma Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri Sempozyumu. Şanlıurfa, Türkiye, s: 241-250.
• Yurtmen, M., Guldur, M.E., Yilmaz, M.A., 1999. Tomato spotted wilt virus on peppers in İçel province of Turkey. PETRİA, Giornale di Patologia Delle Plante, Vol 9 (3): 243-344.