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GEMİLERE KARŞI SİLAHLI SOYGUN VE DENİZ HAYDUTLUĞU SALDIRILARININ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 75 - 111, 03.11.2015
https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.12807

Öz

Deniz haydutları genellikle dar, riskli ve stratejik önemi haiz dünya ticaretinin geçtiği su yollarında saldırı yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2009-2013 dönemini içeren Aden Körfezi, Somali, Endonezya ve diğer yüksek riskli bölgelerde gemilere yönelik deniz haydutluğu ve silahlı soygun saldırıları analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada deniz haydutluğunun başlıca nedenleri, deniz haydutluğu ile mücadelede yasal konular, ilgili anlaşmalar ve düzenlemeler, uluslararası çabalar incelenmiştir. Saldırı yılları, ayları ve saatleri, saldırı türü, saldırıya uğrayan gemi türleri, saldırı bölgeleri ve lokasyonları, saldırı bölgelerinin enlem ve boylamları ve haydut sayısı gibi parametrik olmayan değişkenler arasındaki ilişki olup olmadığını belirlemek için Ki-Kare Testi (χ2) kullanılmıştır. Genel bir değerlendirme yapılmış ve deniz haydutluğu ve silahlı soygunla mücadelede gerekli önlemler ve alınması gerekli tedbirler önerilmiştir

Kaynakça

  • ALESSI, C. and HANSON, S. (2010) Combating Maritime Piracy, http://
  • www.cfr.org/publication/18376/combating_maritime_piracy.html.
  • Accessed: 12.05.2012.
  • BANIELA, S.I. (2010) Piracy at Sea: Somalia and Area of Great
  • Concern, Journal of Navigation, Vol.63, No. 2, pp. 191-206.
  • BANIELA, S.I. and RIOS, J.V. (2012) Piracy in Somalia: A Challenge to
  • The International Community, The Journal of Navigation, Vol. 65, No.4,
  • pp. 693-702.
  • CHALK, P. (2008) The Maritime Dimension of International Security,
  • pp.10. http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG697.pdf.
  • Accessed: 17.05.2012.
  • CHALK, P. (2009) Maritime Piracy Reasons, Dangers and Solutions.
  • RAND Corporation, pp.2.
  • http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/2009/RAND_CT
  • pdf. Accessed: 25.01.2015
  • CHANG, D. (2010) Piracy Laws and the Effective Prosecution of Pirates,
  • Boston Collage International and Comparative Law Review, Vol.33, No.
  • , pp. 275-277.
  • CHARLEBOIS, J. (2012) Pirate Economics: The Economic Causes and
  • Consequences of Contemporary Maritime Piracy in Sub-Saharan Africa,
  • Thesis for the degree of Master of Development Economics, Dalhousie
  • University, Halifax, pp.12-13.
  • CHEW, F. (2005) Piracy, Maritime Terrorism and Regional Interests.
  • http://www.defence.gov.au/ADC/Publications/Geddes/2005/PublcnsGedd
  • es2005_310310_PiracyMaritime.pdf. Accessed: 27.01.2015.
  • CLASSNK (2015) IMO Resolutions & Circulars.
  • http://www.classnk.com/hp/de/activities/statutory/ism/imo/index.html.
  • Accessed: 23.01.2015.
  • COCHRAN, W. G. (1954) Some Methods for Strengthening the
  • Common χ2 Tests, Biometrics, pp. 417–451.
  • ÇAYCI, S. (2009) The Struggle Against Piracy: The Somalia Case and
  • Turkey’s Position, Center For Middle Eastern Strategic Studies the
  • Public Research Foundation, No: 1, pp. 9-12.
  • ECE, N.J. (2013) A Threat to Maritime Security: Piracy Attacks,
  • SeaNews, No:4, pp. 30-32.
  • ECE, N.J. (2012) The Maritime Dimension of International Security:
  • Piracy Attacks, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - E: Human
  • and Societal Dynamics, Maritime Security and Defence Against
  • Terrorism, IOS Press, pp. 33-49.
  • ECE, N.J. (2010) Deniz Haydutluğu Saldırıları ve Analizi (Analysis of
  • Piracy Attacks), Dokuz Eylül Universitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi,
  • Vol. No.2, pp. 1-22.
  • EU (European Union) (2015) EU legislation on Maritime Security,
  • pp.1,2.http://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/maritime/security/doc/legislati
  • on_maritime_security.pdf. Accessed 20.01.2015.
  • ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU (2009) Piracy and
  • Armed Robbery Against Ships Annual Report for the Period 1 January-31
  • December 2009, pp.1-103.
  • ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU (2010) Piracy and
  • Armed Robbery Against Ships Annual Report for the Period 1 January-31
  • December 2010, pp.1-99.
  • ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU (2011) Piracy and
  • Armed Robbery Against Ships Annual Report for the Period 1 January-31
  • December 2011, pp.1-109
  • ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU (2012) Piracy and
  • Armed Robbery Against Ships Annual Report for the Period 1 January-31
  • December 2012, pp. 1-83.
  • ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU (2013) Piracy and
  • Armed Robbery Against Ships Annual Report for the Period 1 January-31
  • December 2013, pp. 1-71.
  • ICC COMMERCIAL CRIME SERVICES (2015) Piracy & Armed
  • Robbery Prone Areas and Warnings, pp.1. https://www.iccccs.
  • org/piracy-reporting-centre/prone-areas-and-warnings. Accessed:
  • 01.2015).
  • IMO (2013a) The Djibouti Code of Conduct Resolution, pp.1.
  • http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Security/PIU/Pages/DCoC.aspx. Accessed:
  • 09.2013.
  • IMO (2013b), AIS Transponders
  • http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/AIS.aspx.
  • Accessed: 26.01.2015.
  • IMO (2013c) Long-range Identification and Tracking (LRIT).
  • http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/ Pages/LRIT.aspx.
  • Accessed: 18.06.2013.
  • IMO (2009) Advice From IMO: Circulars on Somalia Piracy.
  • http://www.imo.org/blast/mainframe.asp?topic_id=1613. Accessed:
  • 01.2015.
  • IMO (2015a) Piracy Guidance. pp.1,2.
  • http://www.imo.org/Documents/IMO_Piracy_Guidance.pdf. Accessed:
  • 01.2015.
  • IMO (2015b) ISPS Code. pp.1.
  • http://www.imo.org/ourwork/security/instruments/pages/ispscode.aspx.
  • Accessed: 20.01.2015.
  • JOANA AMA OSEI-TUTU RESEARCH ASSOCIATE KOFI ANNAN
  • INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING TRAINING CENTER (KAIPTC)
  • (2011) The Root Causes Of The Somali Piracy, pp.11.
  • http://www.kaiptc.org/Publications/Occasional-Papers/Documents/
  • Occasional-Paper-31-Joana.aspx .Accessed: 22.01.2015.
  • MENEFEE, S.P. (1998) Maritime Terror in Europe and the
  • Mediterranean, Marine Policy, Vol 12, No.2, pp.143.
  • OILPRICE (2010) Piracy In The Puntland Region of Somalia.
  • http://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/Africa/Piracy-In-The-Puntland-Region-
  • Of-Somalia.html. Accessed: 22.01.2015.
  • ONE EARTH FUTURE FOUNDATION WORKING PAPERS (2012)
  • The Economic Cost of Somali Piracy, BIMCO,
  • http://oceansbeyondpiracy.org/sites/ default/files/ecop2012final_2.pdf.
  • Accessed: 06.06.2014.
  • REINHARDT, C.J. (2012) Maritime Piracy: Sign of a Security Threat?,
  • Mercer on Transport & Logistics. http://www.oliverwyman.com/pdf_
  • files/MOTL-MaritimePiracy.pdf. Accessed: 17.05.2012.
  • SHESKIN, D. J. (2004) Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric
  • Statistical Procedures, Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, New York,
  • pp. 494-495.
  • UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2005) National Rapid
  • Environmental Desk Assessment – Somalia, pp. 133-134,
  • http://www.unep.org/tsunami/reports/TSUNAMI_SOMALIA_LAYOUT.
  • pdf, Accessed: 08.01.2015.
  • UNITED NATIONS WORLD FOOD PROGRAME (2009) Somali
  • Pirates Hijack 2 Tankers in 24 Hours,
  • http://www.wfp.org/countries/somalia/news/hunger-in-thenews?
  • page=53, Accessed: 20.01.2015.
  • US ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION (EIA) World Oil
  • Transit Chokepoints, pp.1. http://www.eia.gov/countries/regionstopics.
  • cfm?fips=wotc&trk=p3, Accessed: 24.01.2015.

ANALYSIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY ATTACKS AGAINST SHIPS

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 75 - 111, 03.11.2015
https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.12807

Öz

Maritime pirates usually attack in commercially narrow, risky and strategic waterways. In this paper, maritime piracy and armed robbery attacks against ships in Gulf of Aden, Somalia, Indonesia and other risky high seas are analyzed for the period 2009-2013. Primary factors behind the acts of maritime piracy attacks, international efforts to combat maritime piracy which includes legal issues, related agreements, regulations, clauses and multinational efforts have been reviewed in this paper. The Chi Square Test (χ2) was used to determine whether a relationship exists between non-parametric variables such as attacks by years, months and hours; type of attacks; type of vessels attacked; attacks by regions and locations; latitude and longitude of attacks and the number of pirates who attacked against ships. A general evaluation was conducted and further required measurements and suggestions are proposed to combat maritime piracy and armed robbery against ships.

Kaynakça

  • ALESSI, C. and HANSON, S. (2010) Combating Maritime Piracy, http://
  • www.cfr.org/publication/18376/combating_maritime_piracy.html.
  • Accessed: 12.05.2012.
  • BANIELA, S.I. (2010) Piracy at Sea: Somalia and Area of Great
  • Concern, Journal of Navigation, Vol.63, No. 2, pp. 191-206.
  • BANIELA, S.I. and RIOS, J.V. (2012) Piracy in Somalia: A Challenge to
  • The International Community, The Journal of Navigation, Vol. 65, No.4,
  • pp. 693-702.
  • CHALK, P. (2008) The Maritime Dimension of International Security,
  • pp.10. http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG697.pdf.
  • Accessed: 17.05.2012.
  • CHALK, P. (2009) Maritime Piracy Reasons, Dangers and Solutions.
  • RAND Corporation, pp.2.
  • http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/2009/RAND_CT
  • pdf. Accessed: 25.01.2015
  • CHANG, D. (2010) Piracy Laws and the Effective Prosecution of Pirates,
  • Boston Collage International and Comparative Law Review, Vol.33, No.
  • , pp. 275-277.
  • CHARLEBOIS, J. (2012) Pirate Economics: The Economic Causes and
  • Consequences of Contemporary Maritime Piracy in Sub-Saharan Africa,
  • Thesis for the degree of Master of Development Economics, Dalhousie
  • University, Halifax, pp.12-13.
  • CHEW, F. (2005) Piracy, Maritime Terrorism and Regional Interests.
  • http://www.defence.gov.au/ADC/Publications/Geddes/2005/PublcnsGedd
  • es2005_310310_PiracyMaritime.pdf. Accessed: 27.01.2015.
  • CLASSNK (2015) IMO Resolutions & Circulars.
  • http://www.classnk.com/hp/de/activities/statutory/ism/imo/index.html.
  • Accessed: 23.01.2015.
  • COCHRAN, W. G. (1954) Some Methods for Strengthening the
  • Common χ2 Tests, Biometrics, pp. 417–451.
  • ÇAYCI, S. (2009) The Struggle Against Piracy: The Somalia Case and
  • Turkey’s Position, Center For Middle Eastern Strategic Studies the
  • Public Research Foundation, No: 1, pp. 9-12.
  • ECE, N.J. (2013) A Threat to Maritime Security: Piracy Attacks,
  • SeaNews, No:4, pp. 30-32.
  • ECE, N.J. (2012) The Maritime Dimension of International Security:
  • Piracy Attacks, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - E: Human
  • and Societal Dynamics, Maritime Security and Defence Against
  • Terrorism, IOS Press, pp. 33-49.
  • ECE, N.J. (2010) Deniz Haydutluğu Saldırıları ve Analizi (Analysis of
  • Piracy Attacks), Dokuz Eylül Universitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi,
  • Vol. No.2, pp. 1-22.
  • EU (European Union) (2015) EU legislation on Maritime Security,
  • pp.1,2.http://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/maritime/security/doc/legislati
  • on_maritime_security.pdf. Accessed 20.01.2015.
  • ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU (2009) Piracy and
  • Armed Robbery Against Ships Annual Report for the Period 1 January-31
  • December 2009, pp.1-103.
  • ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU (2010) Piracy and
  • Armed Robbery Against Ships Annual Report for the Period 1 January-31
  • December 2010, pp.1-99.
  • ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU (2011) Piracy and
  • Armed Robbery Against Ships Annual Report for the Period 1 January-31
  • December 2011, pp.1-109
  • ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU (2012) Piracy and
  • Armed Robbery Against Ships Annual Report for the Period 1 January-31
  • December 2012, pp. 1-83.
  • ICC INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BUREAU (2013) Piracy and
  • Armed Robbery Against Ships Annual Report for the Period 1 January-31
  • December 2013, pp. 1-71.
  • ICC COMMERCIAL CRIME SERVICES (2015) Piracy & Armed
  • Robbery Prone Areas and Warnings, pp.1. https://www.iccccs.
  • org/piracy-reporting-centre/prone-areas-and-warnings. Accessed:
  • 01.2015).
  • IMO (2013a) The Djibouti Code of Conduct Resolution, pp.1.
  • http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Security/PIU/Pages/DCoC.aspx. Accessed:
  • 09.2013.
  • IMO (2013b), AIS Transponders
  • http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/AIS.aspx.
  • Accessed: 26.01.2015.
  • IMO (2013c) Long-range Identification and Tracking (LRIT).
  • http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/ Pages/LRIT.aspx.
  • Accessed: 18.06.2013.
  • IMO (2009) Advice From IMO: Circulars on Somalia Piracy.
  • http://www.imo.org/blast/mainframe.asp?topic_id=1613. Accessed:
  • 01.2015.
  • IMO (2015a) Piracy Guidance. pp.1,2.
  • http://www.imo.org/Documents/IMO_Piracy_Guidance.pdf. Accessed:
  • 01.2015.
  • IMO (2015b) ISPS Code. pp.1.
  • http://www.imo.org/ourwork/security/instruments/pages/ispscode.aspx.
  • Accessed: 20.01.2015.
  • JOANA AMA OSEI-TUTU RESEARCH ASSOCIATE KOFI ANNAN
  • INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING TRAINING CENTER (KAIPTC)
  • (2011) The Root Causes Of The Somali Piracy, pp.11.
  • http://www.kaiptc.org/Publications/Occasional-Papers/Documents/
  • Occasional-Paper-31-Joana.aspx .Accessed: 22.01.2015.
  • MENEFEE, S.P. (1998) Maritime Terror in Europe and the
  • Mediterranean, Marine Policy, Vol 12, No.2, pp.143.
  • OILPRICE (2010) Piracy In The Puntland Region of Somalia.
  • http://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/Africa/Piracy-In-The-Puntland-Region-
  • Of-Somalia.html. Accessed: 22.01.2015.
  • ONE EARTH FUTURE FOUNDATION WORKING PAPERS (2012)
  • The Economic Cost of Somali Piracy, BIMCO,
  • http://oceansbeyondpiracy.org/sites/ default/files/ecop2012final_2.pdf.
  • Accessed: 06.06.2014.
  • REINHARDT, C.J. (2012) Maritime Piracy: Sign of a Security Threat?,
  • Mercer on Transport & Logistics. http://www.oliverwyman.com/pdf_
  • files/MOTL-MaritimePiracy.pdf. Accessed: 17.05.2012.
  • SHESKIN, D. J. (2004) Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric
  • Statistical Procedures, Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, New York,
  • pp. 494-495.
  • UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2005) National Rapid
  • Environmental Desk Assessment – Somalia, pp. 133-134,
  • http://www.unep.org/tsunami/reports/TSUNAMI_SOMALIA_LAYOUT.
  • pdf, Accessed: 08.01.2015.
  • UNITED NATIONS WORLD FOOD PROGRAME (2009) Somali
  • Pirates Hijack 2 Tankers in 24 Hours,
  • http://www.wfp.org/countries/somalia/news/hunger-in-thenews?
  • page=53, Accessed: 20.01.2015.
  • US ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION (EIA) World Oil
  • Transit Chokepoints, pp.1. http://www.eia.gov/countries/regionstopics.
  • cfm?fips=wotc&trk=p3, Accessed: 24.01.2015.
Toplam 113 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nur Ece

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Kasım 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ece, N. (2015). ANALYSIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY ATTACKS AGAINST SHIPS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 75-111. https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.12807
AMA Ece N. ANALYSIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY ATTACKS AGAINST SHIPS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi. Kasım 2015;7(1):75-111. doi:10.18613/deudfd.12807
Chicago Ece, Nur. “ANALYSIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY ATTACKS AGAINST SHIPS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi 7, sy. 1 (Kasım 2015): 75-111. https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.12807.
EndNote Ece N (01 Kasım 2015) ANALYSIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY ATTACKS AGAINST SHIPS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi 7 1 75–111.
IEEE N. Ece, “ANALYSIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY ATTACKS AGAINST SHIPS”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 75–111, 2015, doi: 10.18613/deudfd.12807.
ISNAD Ece, Nur. “ANALYSIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY ATTACKS AGAINST SHIPS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi 7/1 (Kasım 2015), 75-111. https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.12807.
JAMA Ece N. ANALYSIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY ATTACKS AGAINST SHIPS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;7:75–111.
MLA Ece, Nur. “ANALYSIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY ATTACKS AGAINST SHIPS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 1, 2015, ss. 75-111, doi:10.18613/deudfd.12807.
Vancouver Ece N. ANALYSIS OF MARITIME PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY ATTACKS AGAINST SHIPS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;7(1):75-111.

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