Oxidative Tissue Damage in the Prefrontal Cortex of Pinealectomized Rats and Protective Effects of Melatonin Hormone

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 37 - 41, 01.03.2012

Murat Abdülgani Kuş Serdar Çolakoğlu Burak Gülcen İlter Kuş Mustafa Sarsılmaz Mehmet Akif Ersoy Ömür Karaca

Öz

Aim: An attempt was made to investigate the tissue samples of prefrontal cortex frompinealectomized rats and melatonin applied rats following pinealectomy in biochemical basis.Materials and Methods: Twenty-one, male Wistar rats were divided equally into three groups.Rats in Group I were used as control (sham-pinealectomy). Rats in Group II werepinealectomized. Rats in Group III were injected daily with melatonin (1 mg/kg/)intraperitoneally for 3 months following pinealectomy. At the end of the experimental period,all rats were killed by decapitation and the prefrontal cortexes of rats were removed. Superoxidedismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels were determined at biochemical levels in the prefrontal cortex specimens.Results: The levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the prefrontal cortex tissue were significantlydecreased and MDA levels were significantly increased in pinealectomized rats compared withthose of the controls. However, increased activities of SOD and GSH-Px enzymes and decreasedlevels of MDA were detected in the rats administered melatonin following pinealectomy.Conclusion: As a result of this study, pinealectomy-induced oxidative damage in the prefrontalcortex tissue in rats were prevented by administration of melatonin hormone

Anahtar Kelimeler

Prefrontal cortex, melatonin, pinealectomy, rat

Pinealektomili Sıçanlarda Prefrontal Kortekste Oluşan Oksidatif Doku Hasarı Ve Melatonin Hormonunun Koruyucu Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmamızda, pinealektomili ve pinealektomi sonrası melatonin uygulanan sıçanlaraait prefrontal korteks doku örneklerinin biyokimyasal düzeyde incelenmesi amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: 21 adet Wistar-Albino cinsi erkek sıçanlar üç eşit gruba ayrıldı. Grup I’dekisıçanlar kontrol (sham-pinealektomi) olarak kullanıldı. Grup II’ye ait hayvanlara cerrahi olarakpinealektomi yapıldı. Grup III’deki sıçanlara ise pinealektomi sonrası günlük olarak, üç ayboyunca, melatonin hormonu (1 mg/kg/) intraperitoneal yoldan enjekte edildi. Deney süresisonunda bütün sıçanlar dekapite edilerek öldürüldü ve prefrontal korteksleri çıkartıldı. Prefrontalkorteks doku örneklerinde süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px) enzimaktiviteleri ile malondialdehit (MDA) seviyeleri biyokimyasal olarak belirlendi.Bulgular: Pinealektomili sıçanlarda, prefrontal korteks SOD ve GSH-Px enzim değerlerininkontrol grubuna göre anlamlı bir şekilde azaldığı, MDA düzeylerinin ise yine istatistiksel olarakanlamlı bir şekilde arttığı tespit edildi. Pinealektomi sonrası melatonin enjekte edilen sıçanlardaise, doku SOD ve GSH-Px enzim aktivitelerinin yükseldiği, MDA seviyelerinin de azaldığıtespit edildi.Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonucunda, sıçanlarda pinealektomiye bağlı olarak prefrontal korteks’temeydana gelen oksidatif doku hasarının melatonin enjeksiyonu ile önlendiği tespit edildi

Anahtar Kelimeler

Prefrontal korteks, melatonin, pinealektomi, sıçan

Kaynakça

• Arıncı K, Elhan A. Anatomi. 2.cilt. Ankara. Güneş Kitabevi. 1995; 388.
• Duncan J: An adaptive coding model of neural function in prefrontal cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001; 2: 820-829.
• Nyberg L, Marklund P, Persson J, et al: Common prefrontal activations during working memory, episodic memory, and semantic memory. Neuropsychologia. 2003; 41: 371-377.
• Ganong WF. Tıbbi fizyoloji, İstanbul. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi. 2002: 249-268.
• Ranganath C, Johnson MK, D’Esposito M: Prefrontal activity associated with working memory and episodic long-term memory. Neuropsychologia. 2003; 41: 378-389.
• Delibaş N, Tüzmen N, Kılınç İ, Altuntaş İ: Fonksiyonel pinealektominin genç ve yaşlı ratlarda kan, beyin ve hipokampus lipid peroksidasyonu ve antioksidan enzim aktivitelerine etkisi. Türk Biyokimya Dergisi. 2002; 27(3): 94- 100.
• Arendt J: Melatonin. Clin Endocrinol. 1988; 29: 205-209.
• Kuş İ, Sarsılmaz M: Pineal bezin morfolojik yapısı ve fonksiyonları. T Klin J Med Sci. 2002; 22: 221-226.
• Forsling ML, Stoughton RP, Zhou Y, Kelestimur H, Demaine C: The role of the pineal in the control of the daily patterns of neurohypophysial hormone secretion. J Pineal Res.1993; 14: 45-51.
• Kus I, Akpolat N, Ozen OA, Songur A, Kavakli A, Sarsilmaz M: Effects of melatonin on Leydig cells in pinealectomized rat: an immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem. 2002; 104: 93-97.
• Guerrero JM, Reiter RJ: A brief survey of pineal gland- immune system interrelationships. Endocr Res. 1992; 18: 91-113.
• Ayar A, Kutlu S, Yilmaz B, Kelestimur H: Melatonin inhibits spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions of rat myometrium in vitro. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2001; 22: 301- 306.
• Tan DX, Chen LD, Poeffeler B, Manchester LC, Reiter RJ: Melatonin: a potent endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger. Endocrine J. 1993; 1: 57-60.
• Pieri CP, Marra M, Morini F, Recchioni R, Marcheselli F: Melatonin: a peroxyl radical scavenger more effective than vitamin E. Life Sci. 1994; 55: 271-276.
• Stastica P, Ulanski P, Rosiak JM: Melatonin as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. J Pineal Res. 1998; 25: 65-66.
• Zang LY, Cosma G, Gardner H, Vallyathan V: Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by melatonin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998; 1425: 469-477.
• Longoni B, Salgo MG, Pryor WA, Marchiafava PL: Effects of melatonin on lipid peroxidation induced by oxygen radicals. Life Sci. 1998; 62: 853-859.
• Sewerynek E, Melchiorri DA, Chen L, Reiter RJ: Melatonin reduces both basal and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced lipid peroxidation in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995; 19: 903-909.
• Melchiorri D, Reiter RJ, Sewerynek E, Hara M, Chen L, Nistico G. Paraquat toxicity and oxidative damage. Reduction by melatonin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996; 51: 1095-1099.
• Reiter RJ, Carneiro RC, Oh CS: Melatonin in relation to cellular antioxidative defense mechanisms. Horm Metab Res. 1997; 29: 363-372.
• Skaper SD, Floreani M, Ceccon M, Facci L, Giusti P: Excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and the neuroprotective potential of melatonin. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999; 890: 107- 118.
• Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y: A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem. 1988; 34: 497-500.
• Paglia DE, Valentine WN: Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterisation of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med. 1967; 70: 158-169.
• Esterbauer H, Cheeseman KH: Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: malonaldehyde and 4- hidroxynonenal. Methods Enzymol. 1990; 186: 407-421.
• Akyol Ö: Beyin tümörlerinde doku SOD, CAT ve GSH-Px aktiviteleri. Uzmanlık tezi. Ankara Üni. Tıp Fakültesi Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı. Ankara. 1994; 12-18.
• Kamal AA, Gomaa A, el Khafif M, Hammad AS: Plasma lipid peroxides among workers exposed to silica or asbestos dust. Environ Res. 1989; 49: 173-180.
• Ates O, Cayli S, Gurses I, Yucel N, Iraz M, Altinoz E, Kocak A, Yologlu S: Effect of pinealectomy and melatonin replacement on morphological and biochemical recovery after traumatic brain injury. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2006; 24(6):357- 363.
• Reiter RJ, Tan D, Kim SJ, Manchester LC: Augmentation of indices of oxidative damage in life-long melatonin-deficient rats. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 1999; 110: 157–173.
• Turgut M, Uyanıkgil Y, Ateş U, Baka M, Yurtseven ME: Pinealectomy stimulates and exogenous melatonin inhibits harmful effects of epileptiform activity during pregnancy in the hippocampus of newborn rats: an immunohistochemical study. Childs Nerv Syst. 2006; 22: 481–488.
• De Butte M, Pappas BA: Pinealectomy causes hippocampal CA1 and CA3 cell loss: reversal by melatonin supplementation. Neurobiol Aging. 2007; 28(2): 306-313
• Tan DX, Chen LD, Poeffeler B, Manchester LC, Reiter RJ: Melatonin: a potent endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger. Endocrine J. 1993; 1: 57-60.
• Sewerynek E, Melchiorri DA, Chen L, Reiter RJ: Melatonin reduces both basal and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced lipid peroxidation in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995; 19: 903-909.
• Melchiorri D, Reiter RJ, Sewerynek E, Hara M, Chen L, Nistico G: Paraquat toxicity and oxidative damage. Reduction by melatonin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996; 51: 1095-1099.
• Reiter RJ, Carneiro RC, Oh CS: Melatonin in relation to cellular antioxidative defense mechanisms. Horm Metab Res. 1997; 29: 363-372.
• Kabuto H, Yokoi I, Ogawa N: Melatonin inhibits iron-induced epileptic discharges in rats by suppressing peroxidation. Epilepsia. 1998; 39: 237-243.
• Tan DX, Manchester LC, Reiter RJ, Qi W, Kim SJ, El-Sokkary GH: Melatonin protects hippocampal neurons in vivo against kainic acid-induced damage in mice. J Neurosci Res. 1998; 54: 382-389.
• Mason RP, Leeds PR, Jacob RF, et al: Inhibition of excessive neuronal apoptosis by the calcium antagonist amlodipine and antioxidants in cerebellar granule cells. J Neurochem. 1999; 72: 1448-1456.
• Kaptanoglu E, Palaoglu S, Demirpence E, Akbiyik F, Solaroglu I, Kilinc A: Different responsiveness of central nervous system tissues to oxidative conditions and to the antioxidant effect of melatonin. J Pineal Res. 2003; 34: 32-35.
• Erol FS, Topsakal C, Ozveren MF, et al: Protective effects of melatonin and vitamin E in brain damage due to gamma radiation: an experimental study. Neurosurg Rev. 2004; 27: 65- 69.
• Rennie K, De Butte M, Pappas BA: Melatonin promotes neurogenesis in dentate gyrus in the pinealectomized rat. J Pineal Res. 2009; 47(4): 313-317.
• Tunç AT, Aslan H, Turgut M, Ekici F, Odaci E, Kaplan S: Inhibitory effect of pinealectomy on the development of cerebellar granule cells in the chick: a stereological study. Brain Res. 2007; 23: 214-220.
• Turgut M, Uysal A, Pehlivan M, Oktem G, Yurtseven ME. Assessment of effects of pinealectomy and exogenous melatonin administration on rat sciatic nerve suture repair: an electrophysiological, immunohistochemical study. Acta Neurochir. 2005; 147(1): 67-77. electron microscopic, and