Evaluation of Mortality Effect and Acute Toxicity of Two Disazo Dyes on Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate mortality effect and acute toxicity of two 5-(3'-amino-4'-arylazo-1H-pyrazole-5'-ylazo) barbituric acid dyes (Dye 1 and Dye 2) on Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) known as model organism in ecotoxicological studies. After detailed mortality assessments, it was concluded that Dye 2 had the potential to cause a greater mortality effect on organisms compared to Dye 1 and that its long-term existence in aquatic ecosystems at high concentrations could pose a significant threat to these ecosystems. In the performed toxicity classification, it was found that Dye 1 was practically non-toxic at 24- and 48-hour exposures but slightly toxic at 72- and 96-hour exposures, while Dye 2 was practically non-toxic at 24-hour exposure but slightly toxic at 48-, 72- and 96-hour exposures. It can be suggested that these differences in mortality effect and toxicity may be due to the different substituents in the dye structure. The present study provides valuable information regarding mortality effect and acute toxicity of azo dyes containing methoxy and methyl groups in their structure (Dye 1 and Dye 2, respectively) on C. riparius. However, to be able to make more comprehensive ecotoxicological evaluations, it is a fact that there is a necessity for further studies in which the effects and action mechanisms of these and suchlike azo dyes and their degradation products on different organisms will be investigated at the molecular level and their actual concentrations in aquatic environments will be determined. 

Keywords

• Chironumus riparius
• Mortality
• Acute toxicity
• Azo dye
• Aquatic environment
• Water pollution

İki Disazo Boyanın Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) Üzerindeki Mortalite Etkisi ve Akut Toksisitesinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma iki 5-(3'-amino-4'-arilazo-1H-pirazol-5'-ilazo) barbitürik asit boyasının (Boya 1 ve Boya 2) ekotoksikolojik çalışmalarda model organizma olarak bilinen Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) üzerindeki mortalite etkisinin ve akut toksisitesinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Detaylı mortalite değerlendirmelerinden sonra Boya 2’nin organizmalar üzerinde Boya 1’e kıyasla daha fazla mortalite etkisine sebep olma potansiyeline sahip olduğu ve sucul ekosistemlerde yüksek konsantrasyonlarda uzun süreli bulunmasının bu ekosistemler için kayda değer bir tehdit oluşturabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen toksisite sınıflandırmasında Boya 1’in, 24 ve 48 saat maruziyetlerde pratikte toksik değilken 72 ve 96 saat maruziyetlerde hafif derecede toksik olduğu, Boya 2’nin ise 24 saat maruziyette pratikte toksik değilken 48, 72 ve 96 saat maruziyetlerde hafif derecede toksik olduğu bulunmuştur. Mortalite etkisi ve toksisitedeki bu farklılıkların boya yapısında bulunan sübstitüentlerin farklı olmasından kaynaklanabileceği söylenebilir. Bu çalışma, yapısında metoksi ve metil grubu içeren azo boyaların (sırasıyla Boya 1 ve Boya 2) C. riparius üzerindeki mortalite etkisi ve akut toksisitesi ile ilgili önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Ancak daha kapsamlı ekotoksikolojik değerlendirmeler yapabilmek için bu ve benzeri azo boyaların ve bozunma ürünlerinin farklı organizmalar üzerindeki etkilerinin ve etki mekanizmalarının moleküler düzeyde incelendiği ve sucul ortamlardaki gerçek konsantrasyonlarının belirlendiği daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu bir gerçektir.

Keywords

• Chironumus riparius
• Mortalite
• Akut toksisite
• Azo boya
• Sucul ortam
• Su kirliliği

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