Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on the Use of Waste Orange Peel in the Removal of Pb2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

This study demonstrated the efficacy of leftover orange peel in removing Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of contact time, starting metal ion concentration, and pH on adsorption effectiveness were investigated. A starting concentration of 800 mg/L, a contact time of 90 minutes, and a solution pH of 4.32 were found to be the best working conditions for the removal of the Pb2+ ion. In order to examine the surface characteristics of the orange peel, SEM, energy dispersion spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were all used (FT-IR). The outcomes showed that the isotherm data was sufficient for the Langmuir isotherm model, which deals with chemical adsorption and the likely irreversibility of the process. The Pb2+ ion's adsorption capacity was found to be 35.842, 35.714, and 35.087 mg/g at 318, 308, and 298 K, respectively. Pseudo-second order, which had the highest coefficient of regression and best described the kinetic data for Pb2+ adsorption. Thermodynamic investigations revealed that the removal of the Pb2+ ion from orange peel was a natural and exothermic process. Due to its great taking away capability, leftover orange peel has been discovered to be an effective and promising material for the absorption of Pb2+ ions from the aqueous environment. It is also simple to get and inexpensive.

Keywords

• Orange peel
• adsorption
• lead
• Langmuir isotherm model
• second order kinetic model

Sulu Çözeltilerden Pb2+ İyonlarının Uzaklaştırılmasında Atık Portakal Kabuklarının Kullanılması: Kinetik ve Termodinamik Çalışmalar

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Pb2+ iyonlarının sulu çözeltilerden uzaklaştırılmasında atık portakal kabuğunun (APK) etkin bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi ve geri dönüşüme kazandırılması anlatılmaktadır. Adsorpsiyon verimliliği için; metal iyonu başlangıç derişimi, temas süresi, pH etkisi gibi farklı parametrelerin sonuçları incelendi. Pb2+ iyonunun uzaklaştırılmasında en uygun çalışma koşulları; metal iyonu başlangıç derişimi 800 mg/L, temas süresi 90 dakika ve çözelti pH'ı 4,32 olarak belirlendi. APK’nın yüzey özellikleri, Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR), taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve enerji dağılım spektroskopisi ile araştırıldı. Elde edilen veriler (izoterm verileri) incelendiğinde, işlemin olası tersinmezliğine ve kimyasal adsorpsiyona karşılık gelen Langmuir izoterm modeline uygun olduğunu gösterdi. 298, 308 ve 318 K'de Pb2+ iyonu için adsorpsiyon kapasitesi sırasıyla 35,842, 35,714 ve 35,087 mg/g olarak hesaplandı. En iyi kinetik veriler, Pb2+ adsorpsiyonu için en yüksek regresyon katsayısına sahip yalancı ikinci dereceden denklem ile tanımlandı. Termodinamik çalışmalar, APK kullanılarak Pb2+ iyonlarının uzaklaştırılması işleminin doğal ve endotermik bir süreç olduğunu gösterdi. APK 'nın yüksek uzaklaştırma kapasitesi, kolay bulunması ve ucuz olması nedeniyle sulu ortamdan Pb2+ iyonlarının uzaklaştırılmasında etkili ve umut verici bir malzeme olduğu tespit edildi.

Keywords

• Portakal kabuğu
• adsorpsiyon
• kurşun
• Langmuir izoterm model
• yalancı ikinci derece kinetik model.

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