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Evaluation Of Foreign Object Damage On The Fan Blades with Microscopic Techniques

Yıl 2023, , 2341 - 2351, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1374721

Öz

Foreign object damage (FOD) is a common problem in gas turbine engines, particularly in the fan and compressor blades. FOD generally occurs when hard body particles are ingested into an aero-engine fan and compressor blade. High-speed impact on fan titanium alloy blades leads to foreign object damage, which weakens the fatigue performance of the blades. It is important to note that FOD can also cause damage that is not visible to the naked eye, such as internal cracks or fatigue damage. Therefore, regular inspections and maintenance are crucial to detect and prevent FOD damage in gas turbine engines. Also using a microscope for the inspection of blades is important. Proper examination of blades damaged by foreign or domestic object can shed light on blade status and prevent further damage in the future. Here are some of the benefits of using a microscope for blade inspection:
Microscopes can provide high magnification and resolution, allowing for detailed inspection of the blade surface and any defects or damage.
Microscopes can help detect and identify small cracks, chips, or other forms of damage that may not be visible to the naked eye.
Microscopes can provide accurate measurements of the blade's dimensions, which can be important for quality control and maintenance purposes.
Microscopes can help identify the root cause of any damage or wear on the blade, which can inform future design and manufacturing decisions.
Microscopes can provide visual documentation of the blade's condition, which can be useful for tracking changes over time and for communicating with other stakeholders.
Overall, using a microscope for blade inspection can help ensure the safety, reliability, and performance of gas turbine engines and other equipment that relies on blades.
In this study, a comparison was made between visual inspection, borescope control, stereo microscope and SEM-EDX microscope methods used in the detection and removal of foreign material damage. The advantages and disadvantages of these 4 methods are comparatively examined and presented to the attention of the reader.

Proje Numarası

EMK 26 51 nolu bildiri

Kaynakça

  • [1] Wikipedia. (2023 , May 10) Gas Turbine. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • [2] “Brayton Cycle,” Brayton Cycle,” A-to-Z Guide to Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, and Fluids Engineering, 2008.
  • [3] J. Massih. (2023, April 5) An Overview of Brayton Cycles | Turbomachinery blog. [Online]. Available: https://blog.softinway.com/an-overview-of-brayton-cycles
  • [4] Power Engineering International. (2023, Nov. 25). Technology for gas turbines operating in harsh environments [Online]. Available: https://www.powerengineeringint.com
  • [5] G. F. C. R. H.I.H. Saravanamuttoo, H. Cohen and P. V. S. A.C. Nix, “Gas Turbine Theory SEVENTH EDITION Gas Turbine Theory,” p. 606, 2017.
  • [6] HighSkyFlying. (2023, Nov. 25). Why Are Jet Engines More Efficient at Higher Altitudes? [Online]. Available: https://www.highskyflying.com/why-are-jet-engines-more-efficient-at-higher-altitudes
  • [7] T. Chauhan, C. Goyal, D. Kumari, and A. K. Thakur, “A review on foreign object debris/damage (FOD) and its effects on aviation industry,” Mater Today Proc, vol. 33, pp. 4336–4339, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.MATPR.2020.07.457
  • [8] A. Hamed, W. Tabakoff, and R. Wenglarz, “Erosion and deposition in turbomachinery,” J Propuls Power, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 350–360, 2006, doi: 10.2514/1.18462.
  • [9] M. W. Reedy, T. J. Eden, J. K. Potter, and D. E. Wolfe, “Erosion performance and characterization of nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N hard coatings for gas turbine engine compressor blade applications,” Surf Coat Technol, vol. 206, no. 2–3, pp. 464–472, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.SURFCOAT.2011.07.063.
  • [10] Z. H. Li, Y. H. Lu, C. Hong, Y. G. Zhao, W. D. Zhang, and T. Shoji, “Effects of foreign object damage on high-cycle fatigue behavior of Inconel Alloy 690TT steam generator tubes,” Eng Fract Mech, vol. 292, p. 109660, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.1016/J.ENGFRACMECH.2023.109660.
  • [11] THE FOD CONTROL. (2023, Nov. 25) What is FOD? | Foreign Object Debris & Damage Examples [Online]. Available: https://www.fodcontrol.com/what-is-fod
  • [12] S. Spanrad and J. Tong, “Characterization of foreign object damage (FOD) and early fatigue crack growth in laser shock peened Ti-6AL-4V aerofoil specimens,” Procedia Eng, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1751–1759, Apr. 2010, doi: 10.1016/J.PROENG.2010.03.188.
  • [13] Vikipedi. (2023, 25 Kasım). Yabancı madde hasarı. [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim: https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yabancı_madde_hasarı
  • [14] Thang, V.D. (October 14, 2021). How to Detect FOD (Foreign Object Debris) | FOD Check [Online]. Available: https://www.aerosweep.com/blog/how-to-detect-fod-foreign-object-debris
  • [15] THE FOD CONTROL. (2023, Nov 25). A Guide for Annual FOD Walk Downs | FOD Walk Meaning [Online]. Available: https://www.fodcontrol.com/annual-fod-walk/
  • [16] Wikipedia. (2023, Nov. 25) Air France Flight 4590 [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_France_Flight_4590
  • [17] Z. Yuan, “Borescope inspection for HPT blade of CFM56-7B engine,” IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, vol. 382, p. 032028, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/382/3/032028.
  • [18] M. T. Barakat, M. Girotra, and S. Banerjee, “Initial application of deep learning to borescope detection of endoscope working channel damage and residue,” Endosc Int Open, vol. 10, no. 01, pp. E112–E118, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1055/a-1591-0258.
  • [19] C. L. Ofstead and K. M. Hopkins, “Sterilization Central: The Value of Borescopes in Detecting Damage, Soil, Fluid, and Foreign Objects in Flexible Endoscopes,” Biomed Instrum Technol, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 146–152, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.2345/0899-8205-54.2.146.
  • [20] ASM Metals Handbook , vol. 12 Fractography. ASM International, 1992.
  • [21] ASM Metals Handbook Metallography and Microstructure, vol. 9, 1985.
  • [22] K. Morrison, “Microscopy techniques,” Characterisation Methods in Solid State and Materials Science, pp. 4-1-4–25, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1088/2053-2563/AB2DF5CH4.
  • [23] R. Hussin, N. Ismail, and S. Mustapa, “A study of foreign object damage (FOD) and prevention method at the airport and aircraft maintenance area,” IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, vol. 152, p. 012038, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/152/1/012038.

Mikroskobik Tekniklerle Pale Hasarının Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, , 2341 - 2351, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1374721

Öz

Yabancı cisim hasarı (FOD), gaz türbini motorlarında, özellikle fan ve kompresör kanatlarında yaygın bir sorundur. FOD genellikle, sert cisim parçacıkları bir uçak motoru hava alığından girdiğinde oluşur. Titanyum alaşımlı kanatlar üzerindeki yüksek hızlı darbe, kanatların yorulma performansını zayıflatan yabancı cisim hasarına yol açar. FOD'nin iç çatlaklar veya yorulma hasarı gibi çıplak gözle görülemeyen hasarlara da neden olabileceğini unutmamak gerekir. Bu nedenle, gaz türbini motorlarında FOD hasarını tespit etmek ve önlemek için düzenli denetimler ve bakım çok önemlidir. Bladelerin incelenmesi için mikroskop kullanılması da önemlidir. Harici veya dahili nesne tarafından hasar görmüş bladelerin uygun şekilde incelenmesi, bladelerin durumuna ışık tutabilir ve gelecekte oluşabilecek daha büyük hasarları önleyebilir. Rotor Blade muayenesi için mikroskop kullanmanın faydalarından bazıları şunlardır:
Kanatçık yüzeyinin ve herhangi bir kusur veya hasarın ayrıntılı olarak incelenmesine izin vererek yüksek büyütme ve çözünürlük sağlar.
Çıplak gözle görülemeyebilecek küçük çatlakları, talaşları veya diğer hasar biçimlerini tespit etmeye ve tanımlamaya yardımcı olur.
Kalite kontrol ve bakım amaçları için önemli olabilecek boyutlarının doğru ölçümlerini sağlar.
Kanatçık üzerindeki herhangi bir hasarın temel nedenini belirlemeye yardımcı olur ve bu da gelecekteki tasarım ve üretim kararları için bilgi sağlar.
Kanatçık durumunun görsel olarak belgelenmesini sağlar ve bu, zaman içindeki değişiklikleri izlemek ve diğer paydaşlarla iletişim kurmak için yararlı olur.
Genel olarak, kanat muayenesi için mikroskop kullanmak, gaz türbini motorlarının güvenilirliğini ve performansını arttırmaya yardımcı olur.
Bu çalışmada yabancı madde hasarının tespitinde ve izalesinde kullanılan göz kontrolü, boroskop kontrolü, stereo mikroskop ve SEM-EDX mikroskop yöntemleri arasında karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Kullanılan bu 4 yöntemin avantaj ve dezavantajları karılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiş ve okuyucunun dikkatine sunulmuştur.

Etik Beyan

Makale içinde sunduğum verileri, bilgileri ve dokümanları akademik ve etik kurallar çerçevesinde elde ettiğimi,  Tüm bilgi, belge, değerlendirme ve sonuçları bilimsel etik ve ahlak kurallarına uygun olarak sunduğumu,  Atıfta bulunduğum eserlerin tümünü kaynak olarak gösterdiğimi,  Kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı,  Bu Makalede sunduğum çalışmanın özgün olduğunu, bildirir, aksi bir durumda aleyhime doğabilecek tüm hak kayıplarını kabullendiğimi beyan ederim.

Proje Numarası

EMK 26 51 nolu bildiri

Kaynakça

  • [1] Wikipedia. (2023 , May 10) Gas Turbine. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine
  • [2] “Brayton Cycle,” Brayton Cycle,” A-to-Z Guide to Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, and Fluids Engineering, 2008.
  • [3] J. Massih. (2023, April 5) An Overview of Brayton Cycles | Turbomachinery blog. [Online]. Available: https://blog.softinway.com/an-overview-of-brayton-cycles
  • [4] Power Engineering International. (2023, Nov. 25). Technology for gas turbines operating in harsh environments [Online]. Available: https://www.powerengineeringint.com
  • [5] G. F. C. R. H.I.H. Saravanamuttoo, H. Cohen and P. V. S. A.C. Nix, “Gas Turbine Theory SEVENTH EDITION Gas Turbine Theory,” p. 606, 2017.
  • [6] HighSkyFlying. (2023, Nov. 25). Why Are Jet Engines More Efficient at Higher Altitudes? [Online]. Available: https://www.highskyflying.com/why-are-jet-engines-more-efficient-at-higher-altitudes
  • [7] T. Chauhan, C. Goyal, D. Kumari, and A. K. Thakur, “A review on foreign object debris/damage (FOD) and its effects on aviation industry,” Mater Today Proc, vol. 33, pp. 4336–4339, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.MATPR.2020.07.457
  • [8] A. Hamed, W. Tabakoff, and R. Wenglarz, “Erosion and deposition in turbomachinery,” J Propuls Power, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 350–360, 2006, doi: 10.2514/1.18462.
  • [9] M. W. Reedy, T. J. Eden, J. K. Potter, and D. E. Wolfe, “Erosion performance and characterization of nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N hard coatings for gas turbine engine compressor blade applications,” Surf Coat Technol, vol. 206, no. 2–3, pp. 464–472, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.SURFCOAT.2011.07.063.
  • [10] Z. H. Li, Y. H. Lu, C. Hong, Y. G. Zhao, W. D. Zhang, and T. Shoji, “Effects of foreign object damage on high-cycle fatigue behavior of Inconel Alloy 690TT steam generator tubes,” Eng Fract Mech, vol. 292, p. 109660, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.1016/J.ENGFRACMECH.2023.109660.
  • [11] THE FOD CONTROL. (2023, Nov. 25) What is FOD? | Foreign Object Debris & Damage Examples [Online]. Available: https://www.fodcontrol.com/what-is-fod
  • [12] S. Spanrad and J. Tong, “Characterization of foreign object damage (FOD) and early fatigue crack growth in laser shock peened Ti-6AL-4V aerofoil specimens,” Procedia Eng, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1751–1759, Apr. 2010, doi: 10.1016/J.PROENG.2010.03.188.
  • [13] Vikipedi. (2023, 25 Kasım). Yabancı madde hasarı. [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim: https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yabancı_madde_hasarı
  • [14] Thang, V.D. (October 14, 2021). How to Detect FOD (Foreign Object Debris) | FOD Check [Online]. Available: https://www.aerosweep.com/blog/how-to-detect-fod-foreign-object-debris
  • [15] THE FOD CONTROL. (2023, Nov 25). A Guide for Annual FOD Walk Downs | FOD Walk Meaning [Online]. Available: https://www.fodcontrol.com/annual-fod-walk/
  • [16] Wikipedia. (2023, Nov. 25) Air France Flight 4590 [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_France_Flight_4590
  • [17] Z. Yuan, “Borescope inspection for HPT blade of CFM56-7B engine,” IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, vol. 382, p. 032028, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/382/3/032028.
  • [18] M. T. Barakat, M. Girotra, and S. Banerjee, “Initial application of deep learning to borescope detection of endoscope working channel damage and residue,” Endosc Int Open, vol. 10, no. 01, pp. E112–E118, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1055/a-1591-0258.
  • [19] C. L. Ofstead and K. M. Hopkins, “Sterilization Central: The Value of Borescopes in Detecting Damage, Soil, Fluid, and Foreign Objects in Flexible Endoscopes,” Biomed Instrum Technol, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 146–152, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.2345/0899-8205-54.2.146.
  • [20] ASM Metals Handbook , vol. 12 Fractography. ASM International, 1992.
  • [21] ASM Metals Handbook Metallography and Microstructure, vol. 9, 1985.
  • [22] K. Morrison, “Microscopy techniques,” Characterisation Methods in Solid State and Materials Science, pp. 4-1-4–25, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1088/2053-2563/AB2DF5CH4.
  • [23] R. Hussin, N. Ismail, and S. Mustapa, “A study of foreign object damage (FOD) and prevention method at the airport and aircraft maintenance area,” IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, vol. 152, p. 012038, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/152/1/012038.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Malzeme Tasarım ve Davranışları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayhan İsmail Kırca 0009-0001-5702-1086

Seyid Fehmi Diltemiz 0000-0002-3952-4456

Sezer Yumrukaya 0009-0008-0496-8226

Aykut Batar 0009-0008-9508-779X

Proje Numarası EMK 26 51 nolu bildiri
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 2 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Kırca, A. İ., Diltemiz, S. F., Yumrukaya, S., Batar, A. (2023). Evaluation Of Foreign Object Damage On The Fan Blades with Microscopic Techniques. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 11(5), 2341-2351. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1374721
AMA Kırca Aİ, Diltemiz SF, Yumrukaya S, Batar A. Evaluation Of Foreign Object Damage On The Fan Blades with Microscopic Techniques. DÜBİTED. Aralık 2023;11(5):2341-2351. doi:10.29130/dubited.1374721
Chicago Kırca, Ayhan İsmail, Seyid Fehmi Diltemiz, Sezer Yumrukaya, ve Aykut Batar. “Evaluation Of Foreign Object Damage On The Fan Blades With Microscopic Techniques”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 11, sy. 5 (Aralık 2023): 2341-51. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1374721.
EndNote Kırca Aİ, Diltemiz SF, Yumrukaya S, Batar A (01 Aralık 2023) Evaluation Of Foreign Object Damage On The Fan Blades with Microscopic Techniques. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 11 5 2341–2351.
IEEE A. İ. Kırca, S. F. Diltemiz, S. Yumrukaya, ve A. Batar, “Evaluation Of Foreign Object Damage On The Fan Blades with Microscopic Techniques”, DÜBİTED, c. 11, sy. 5, ss. 2341–2351, 2023, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1374721.
ISNAD Kırca, Ayhan İsmail vd. “Evaluation Of Foreign Object Damage On The Fan Blades With Microscopic Techniques”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 11/5 (Aralık 2023), 2341-2351. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1374721.
JAMA Kırca Aİ, Diltemiz SF, Yumrukaya S, Batar A. Evaluation Of Foreign Object Damage On The Fan Blades with Microscopic Techniques. DÜBİTED. 2023;11:2341–2351.
MLA Kırca, Ayhan İsmail vd. “Evaluation Of Foreign Object Damage On The Fan Blades With Microscopic Techniques”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, c. 11, sy. 5, 2023, ss. 2341-5, doi:10.29130/dubited.1374721.
Vancouver Kırca Aİ, Diltemiz SF, Yumrukaya S, Batar A. Evaluation Of Foreign Object Damage On The Fan Blades with Microscopic Techniques. DÜBİTED. 2023;11(5):2341-5.