Geleneksel Konut Mimarisi Özellikleri; Düzce Konuralp Örneği

Yıl 2024, , 1217 - 1232, 31.07.2024

Elif Besli , Özlem Sallı Bideci

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1503177

Öz

Geleneksel Türk evi, Türklerin tarih sahnesine çıktığı andan itibaren gelişerek günümüze kadar ulaşan, kültür mirası olarak nitelendirilebilecek bir ev tipidir. Geleneksel evler, ait olduğu çevrenin fiziki şartlarına ve kültürel özelliklerine göre inşa edilen, tarihselleşmiş ve ulusal bir simgeye dönüşmüş sivil mimari eserlerdir. Evlerin meydana gelişindeki ana fikir, ait olduğu dönemin geleneksel yapım kuralları ve yapı malzemeleri ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Çalışmanın yürütüldüğü Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde, Düzce iline bağlı Konuralp Mahallesindeki geleneksel evlerin mimarisi üzerine incelemeler yapılmıştır. Antik dönemden günümüze kadar birçok tarihsel katmanın bir arada görülebildiği yerleşim yeri olan Konuralp Mahallesi, antik Roma kenti olan Prusias ad Hypium antik kenti üzerine kurulmuştur. Çalışmada tarihi dokusunu koruyarak birçok sivil mimari eserler ile günümüze kadar ulaşan tescilli 6 geleneksel evin, geleneksel Türk evi mimari özellikleri ile benzerliğinin tespiti amacıyla bina-sokak ilişkisi, plan tipolojisi, cephe özellikleri, malzeme ve yapım teknikleri bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen geleneksel evlerin Türk evi kavramıyla benzerlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geleneksel mimari, Prusias ad Hypium, Konuralp mahallesi

Etik Beyan

The author of this article in their work they use materials and methods ethics committee approval and/or legal-affirm that it does not require a special permit.

Teşekkür

This study was derived from the thesis titled "Examination of Traditional Turkish House Architecture: The Example of Konuralp, Düzce," which was accepted by the Düzce University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences in 2019.

Characteristics of Düzce Traditional Housing Architecture; The Case of Düzce Konuralp

Öz

The traditional Turkish house is a type of house that can be described as a cultural heritage, having developed since the moment the Turks appeared on the stage of history and has survived to the present day. Traditional houses are civil architectural works that are built according to the physical conditions and cultural characteristics of the environment they belong to, have become historical, and have become a national symbol. The main idea behind the creation of houses is directly related to the traditional construction rules and building materials of the period to which they belong. In the Western Black Sea Region, where the study was carried out, studies were made on the architecture of traditional houses in the Konuralp District of Düzce province. Konuralp District, a settlement where many historical layers from ancient times to the present day can be seen together, was built on the ancient Roman city of Prusias ad Hypium. In the study, six registered traditional houses, which have survived to the present day with many civil architectural works while preserving their historical texture, were evaluated in terms of building-street relationship, plan typology, facade features, materials, and construction techniques in order to determine their similarity with the architectural features of traditional Turkish houses. It was determined that the traditional houses examined were similar to the concept of Turkish house.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Traditional architecture, Prusias ad Hypium, Konuralp neighborhood

Etik Beyan

The author of this article in their work they use materials and methods ethics committee approval and/or legal-affirm that it does not require a special permit.

Teşekkür

This study was derived from the thesis titled "Examination of Traditional Turkish House Architecture: The Example of Konuralp, Düzce," which was accepted by the Düzce University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences in 2019.

Kaynakça

• [1] H. Karpuz, “Türk evi,” Türk Yurdu Journal, vol. 31, no. 290, pp. 55-63, 2011.
• [2] Ş. Gürsoy, Y. Turcan, K. Şık., “Comparison of designs according to different codes under earthquake loads of wooden structures,” Sakarya International Symposium of Earthquake Engineering “The Learning Outcomes of Marmara Earthquake in the First Decade”, 1-3 October, Kocaeli, Turkiye, 2009, 8-18.
• [3] M. Saatci, Ş. Gürsoy, Y. Turcan, “Investigation of the effects of different types of traditional timber loadbearing systems used in Turkey on building behaviour,” ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 10 (1), 2022, pp. 179-202.
• [4] M. Larousse, “Ev’’ maddesi 4 C., Meydan Publisher, İstanbul, Türkiye, 1990.
• [5] D. Hasol, Ansiklopedik mimarlık sözlüğü, Yem Publisher, İstanbul, Türkiye, no.184, 1990.
• [6] C. E. Arseven, Türk sanatı tarihi, Maarif Publisher, VII. Fascicule, İstanbul, Türkiye, p. 535.
• [7] Ö. N. Soykan, “Ev üstüne felsefece bir deneme,” Cogito Journal, no. 18, pp. 101-112, 1999.
• [8] Y. Göğebakan, “Factors that determine the formation of traditional Turkish house having characteristics value and general features of these houses,” İnönü University Journal of Culture and Art, vol. 1, no.1, pp. 41-55, 2015.
• [9] D. Kuban, Sanat tarihimizin sorunları, Çağdaş Publisher, İstanbul, 1975.
• [10] M. M. Önal, S. Çellek, “Traditional Turkish houses in Anatolia, their structural propeties, case study; Yozgat and Kırşehir,” Internatioanal Bozok Symposium, Yozgat, Türkiye, 2016, pp. 315-331.
• [11] S. Başlılar Altun, “Traditional Turkish houses, used construction materials, construction elements and construction techniques,” M.S. thesis, Architecture, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye, 2008.
• [12] Y. Gök, A. Kayserili, “The investigation of the Erzurum traditional houses from the perspective of cultural geography,” Eastern Geographical Review, vol.18, no.30, pp. 175-216, 2014.
• [13] C. Karagülle, “The evaulation of local data in house design process: Mardin example,” Ph.D. dissertation, Architecture, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2009.
• [14] M. Baran, M. Yıldırım, “The traditional Turkish house and the use of color,” Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 7, Issue 26, pp. 223-234, 2008.
• [15] Ö. Küçükerman, “Turkish house in search of spatial identity,” Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Institution, 2nd edition, İstanbul, Türkiye, 1985.
• [16] Y. Arat, “Analysis of traditional Turkish house indoor components based on anthropometric data; Konya houses,” Ph.D. dissertation, Architecture, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye, 2011.
• [17] M. Davulcu, “The folk architecture in the rural settlements of Bartın,” TURUK International Language, Literature and Folklore Researches Journal, year.4, no.8, pp. 93-144, 2016.
• [18] G. Yeler, “Analysis of ecological and social-cultural factors in dwelling architecture,” M.S. thesis, Architecture, Institute of Science and Technology, Trakya University, Edirne, Türkiye, 2004.
• [19] E. B. Burkut, “Readi̇ng Ottoman / Turkish house space installation in modern residential housing architecture (Houses of Wright, Corbusier, Eldem and Cansever),” M.S. thesis, Institute of Architecture, Engineering and Science, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Foundation University, İstanbul, 2014.
• [20] K.H. Yıldırım, M. Lütfi, “Türk yaşam kültürünün geleneksel türk evlerindeki yansımaları,” 4th International Turkish culture and art congress/art activity, Egypt, 2009, pp. 114-120.
• [21] M. E. Coşkun, “Construction materials and techniques in Turkish houses,” M.S. thesis, Architecture, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Haliç University, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2013.
• [22] S. Oymael, H. K. Çakır, Ö. Sallı Bideci, “Interpration of traditional architectural applications,” 6th International Advanced Technologies Symposium (IATS'11), Elazığ, Türkiye, 2011, pp. 75-80.
• [23] S. G. Bozkurt, “Investigation at instance of Safranbolu houses of indoor montage in Ottoman domestic architecture in 19 th century,” Journal of the Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 37-70, 2013.
• [24] D. Kuban, “Türk “Hayat”lı Evi,” Eren Publisher, İstanbul, Türkiye, 1995.
• [25] H. Yürekli ve F. Yürekli, The Turkish house: A concise re-evaluation, Yapı-Endüstri Merkezi Publisher, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2005.
• [26] E. Aksoy, “Orta mekân: Türk sivil mimarisinde temel kuruluş prensibi,” Mimarlık ve Sanat Journal, vol. 20, pp. 39-92, 1963.
• [27] D. Özakbaş, “Development process of Istanbul domestic architecture between the years of 1923-1940,” The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies International Journal of Social Science, vol. 40, pp. 283-309, 2015.
• [28] N. Bayazıt, “Safranbolu evlerinin plan tipolojisi ve kullanıcı ihtiyaçları hiyerarşisi,” Tasarım+ Kuram Journal, vol. 10, no. 17, pp. 1-15, 2014.
• [29] H. Ürer, “Façade systems of traditional Turkish house in Eskigediz,” Sanat Tarihi Journal, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 189-230, 2013.
• [30] S.H., Eldem, Türk evi plan tipleri, ITU Faculty of Architecture Publisher, 2. Print, İstanbul, Türkiye, p. 10, 1968.
• [31] Y. Çetin, “Geleneksel Türk evinde cumba,” Sanat Tarihi Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 18-27, 2006.
• [32] B. Kahraman, “Wooden interior architectural flements in the traditional Turkish house," M.S. thesis, Institute of Science and Technology, Mimar Sinan University, İstanbul, 1997.
• [33] R. Naumann, Eski Anadolu mimarlığı, Türk Tarih Kurumu Publisher, Ankara, 1991.
• [34] H. Tayla, “Geleneksel Türk mimarisinde yapı sistem ve elemanları,” Foundation for the Protection of Monuments, Environment and Tourism Values, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2007.
• [35] T. Çobancaoğlu, “Türkiye'de ahşap evin bölgelere göre yapısal olarak incelenmesi ve restorasyonlarında yöntem," Ph.D. dissertation, Architecture, Institute of Science and Technology, Mimar Sinan University, İstanbul, Türkiye, 1998.
• [36] K. Güler, A. C. Bilge, “Timber frame building tradition and conservation problems of Eastern Black Sea Region,” Symposium on Restoration and Conservation of Traditional Timber Structures, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp. 178-193, 2013.