A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System

Berk İnan; İbrahim Aliskan

doi:10.29130/dubited.1595224

EN TR

A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System

Abstract

Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) Terrain Following (TF) mode allows military aircraft to fly at a certain altitude above ground level at a low altitude. TF mode reduces the probability of aircraft detection by enemy airborne radars. TF mode minimizes the effort the pilot spends to control the aircraft and allows the pilot to focus on other tasks or missions. In this study, the F-16 nonlinear model is linearized around a selected equilibrium point. The state variables of the linear model are decomposed into state space matrices on the lateral and longitudinal axes. Three different control methods, namely PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative), LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator), and MRAC (Model Reference Adaptive Control), are used. The results show that the designed algorithms can effectively control the aircraft's altitude, speed, pitch angle, angle of attack, and pitch rate on the longitudinal axis and the aircraft flies in accordance with the terrain profile. Finally, it is observed that MRAC outperforms PID and LQR methods due to its adaptive capability.

Keywords

MRAC, LQR, PID, Terrain Following, AFCS, F-16

Arazi Takipli Uçuş Kontrol Sistemine Model Referans Uyarlamalı Kontrol Yaklaşımı

Abstract

Otomatik Uçuş Kontrol Sistemi (OUKS) Arazi Takibi modu askeri hava araçlarının alçak irtifada yer seviyesinin üzerinde belirli bir irtifada uçmasını sağlar. Arazi takip modu düşman radarları tarafından hava aracının tespit edilebilme olasılığını azaltır. Pilotun hava aracını kontrol etmesi için sarf ettiği iş gücünü azaltır ve pilotun diğer görevlere veya misyonlara odaklanmasına olanak tanır. Bu çalışmada, F-16 doğrusal olmayan modeli seçilen bir denge noktası etrafında doğrusallaştırılmıştır. Doğrusal modelin durum değişkenleri yatay ve dikey eksenlerde durum uzayı matrislerine ayrıştırılmıştır. PID (Oransal-İntegral-Türevsel), LQR (Doğrusal Kuadratik Regülatör) ve MRAC (Model Referans Uyarlamalı Kontrol) olmak üzere üç farklı kontrol yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, tasarlanan algoritmaların uçağın boylamasına eksendeki irtifa, hız, yunuslama açısı, hücum açısı ve yunuslama hızını etkili bir şekilde kontrol edebildiğini ve uçağın arazi profiline uygun şekilde uçtuğunu göstermektedir. Son olarak, MRAC’ın adaptasyon kabiliyetinden dolayı PID ve LQR methotlarına üstünlük sağladığı gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

OUKS, F-16, LQR, MRAC, PID, Arazi Takibi

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Control Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Berk İnan ^*
0009-0007-0503-804X
Türkiye

İbrahim Aliskan
0000-0003-3901-4955
Türkiye

Publication Date

April 30, 2025

Submission Date

December 2, 2024

Acceptance Date

January 16, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 13 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1595224

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA53ZJ62XG

APA

İnan, B., & Aliskan, İ. (2025). A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 13(2), 770-789. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1595224

AMA

1.İnan B, Aliskan İ. A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System. DUBİTED. 2025;13(2):770-789. doi:10.29130/dubited.1595224

Chicago

İnan, Berk, and İbrahim Aliskan. 2025. “A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13 (2): 770-89. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1595224.

EndNote

İnan B, Aliskan İ (April 1, 2025) A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13 2 770–789.

IEEE

[1]B. İnan and İ. Aliskan, “A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System”, DUBİTED, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 770–789, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1595224.

ISNAD

İnan, Berk - Aliskan, İbrahim. “A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13/2 (April 1, 2025): 770-789. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1595224.

JAMA

1.İnan B, Aliskan İ. A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System. DUBİTED. 2025;13:770–789.

MLA

İnan, Berk, and İbrahim Aliskan. “A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 2, Apr. 2025, pp. 770-89, doi:10.29130/dubited.1595224.

Vancouver

1.Berk İnan, İbrahim Aliskan. A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System. DUBİTED. 2025 Apr. 1;13(2):770-89. doi:10.29130/dubited.1595224

A Model Reference Adaptive Control Approach to Terrain Following Flight Control System

Abstract

Keywords

Arazi Takipli Uçuş Kontrol Sistemine Model Referans Uyarlamalı Kontrol Yaklaşımı

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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