Catalytic Pyrolysis of Grape Seed Waste: Characterization of Bio-Char and Bio-Oil

Abstract

The utilization of biomass waste for biofuel production through pyrolysis has emerged as a promising approach to combat global warming. This process enables the generation of bio-char, bio-oil, and bio-gas using a straightforward and cost-efficient method. Among the biomass residues in Turkey, grape seeds from the food processing industry offer considerable potential as an alternative energy source. This research explores the characteristics of bio-oil and bio-char produced from grape seed pyrolysis conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere (inert gas) at temperatures ranging from 500 to 800 °C. Additionally, the effects of Purmol CTX and Clinoptilolite catalysts on product yield and composition were examined in optimal experimental results. Results indicate that higher pyrolysis temperatures yield carbon-dense bio-chars with elevated heating values and minimal impurities, rendering them viable as solid biofuels. Meanwhile, the bio-oils consist of compounds such as phenols, alkanes, alkenes, alkyls, and acids, positioning them as eco-friendly candidates for sustainable biofuel applications.

Keywords

• Pyrolysis
• Purmol CTX
• Clinoptilolite
• Grape seed
• Bio-char
• Bio-oil

Üzüm Çekirdeği Atıklarının Katalitik Pirolizi: Biyo-Kömür ve Biyo-Yağın Karakterizasyonu

Abstract

Biyokütle atıklarının piroliz yoluyla biyoyakıt üretiminde kullanılması, küresel ısınmayla mücadelede umut verici bir yaklaşım olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu süreç, biyo-kömür, biyo-yağ ve biyo-gaz gibi ürünlerin basit ve maliyet açısından etkin bir yöntemle üretilmesini sağlar. Türkiye'deki biyokütle atıkları arasında, gıda işleme endüstrisinden elde edilen üzüm çekirdekleri, alternatif bir enerji kaynağı olarak önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu araştırma, 500 ile 800 °C arasındaki sıcaklıklarda azot atmosferinde (inert gaz) gerçekleştirilen üzüm çekirdeği pirolizinden elde edilen biyo-yağ ve biyo-kömürlerin özelliklerini incelemektedir. Ayrıca, optimum deney sonuçlarında Purmol CTX ve Klinoptilolit katalizörlerinin ürün verimin ve içeriğine etkisi incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, daha yüksek piroliz sıcaklıklarının, karbon bakımından yoğun, yüksek ısıl değerli ve minimum safsızlık içeren biyo-kömürler ürettiğini ve bunların katı biyo-yakıt olarak kullanıma uygun olduğunu göstermektedir. Aynı zamanda, bio-yağların fenoller, alkanlar, alkenler, alkil grupları ve asitler gibi bileşikler içerdiği ve bu nedenle sürdürülebilir biyo-yakıt uygulamaları için çevre dostu adaylar olarak değerlendirilebileceği belirtilmektedir.

Keywords

• Piroliz
• Purmol CTX
• Klinoptilolit
• Üzüm çekirdeği
• Biyo-çar
• Biyo-yağ

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