Research Article
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Activity Mapping in Urban Space; Ankara/Kuğulu Park Case

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 1346 - 1370, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1612278

Abstract

Maps are not merely tools for orientation but also function as expressive and analytical instruments that shape our understanding of place, culture, and urban dynamics. This study aims to explore how activity mapping—a method integrating direct observation and GIS technologies—can be used to understand the relationship between user behaviors and spatial features in urban public spaces. Taking Kuğulu Park in Ankara as a case study, the research applies activity mapping techniques to examine patterns of use, frequency, and distribution of activities across time. The study highlights the limitations of traditional static data collection methods and proposes mapping as a dynamic, user-centered alternative that enhances urban design processes. Key findings emphasize how spatial design elements correlate with behavior patterns, reinforcing the value of mapping in interpreting the lived experience of public spaces.

References

  • [1] J. Habermas, Kamusallığın Yapısal Dönüşümü. İstanbul, Türkiye: İletişim Yayınları, 2007 (Transl.: T. Bora ve M. Sancar).
  • [2] A. Madanipour, “Whose public space?” in International Case Studies in Urban Design and Development, 1st ed. New York, USA, 2010, pp. 1-15.
  • [3] J. Gehl, Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space, Washington, USA: Island Press, 2011, pp. 9-49.
  • [4] A. Jacobs and D. Appleyard, “Toward an urban design manifesto,” in The City Reader, eds., R. T. LeGates and F. Stout, London, UK, 1987, pp. 112–120.
  • [5] M. Carmona, “Contemporary public space, part two: classification,” Journal of Urban Design, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 157–173, 2010.
  • [6] M. Carmona, T. Heath, T. Oc and S. A. Tiesdell, Public Places, Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design. Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 2003.
  • [7] E. Relph, Place and Placelessness. London, UK: Pion Press, 1976.
  • [8] D. Canter, The Psychology of Place, Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 1977.
  • [9] J. Punter, “Participation in the design of urban space,” Landscape Design, vol. 200, pp. 24–27, 1991.
  • [10] J. Montgomery, “Making a city: urbanity, vitality and urban design,” Journal of Urban Design, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 93–116, 1998.
  • [11] W. Whyte, The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, Washington, DC, USA: The Conservation Foundation, 1980.
  • [12] D. Wood, Rethinking The Power of Maps, New York, USA: The Guilford Press, 1992.
  • [13] J. Corner, “The agency of mapping: speculation, critique and invention,” in Mappings, D. Cosgrove, ed. London, UK: Reaktion Books, 1999, ch. 10, pp. 213–252.
  • [14] G. Güleç, “Mimarlıkta temsil ve tasarım araçları olarak haritalar,” Grid: Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarım Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 53–73, 2021.
  • [15] Genz and D. Lucas-Dragon, “Decoding mapping as practice: an interdisciplinary approach in architecture and urban anthropology,” The Urban Transcripts Journal, vol. 1, no. 4, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://journal.urbantranscripts.org/article/decoding-mapping-practice-interdisciplinary-approach-architecture-urban-anthropology-carolin-genz-diana-lucas-drogan
  • [16] E. Pinzon Cortes, “Mapping urban form: morphology studies in the contemporary urban landscape,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Architecture, Delft Univ. of Technology, Bogota, Colombia, 2009.
  • [17] R. Almatarneh, “Analysis of activity patterns and design features relationships in urban public spaces: a case study of the old city of as-salt,” International Journal of Computer Engineering Research, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 34–51, 2014.
  • [18] M. Rasouli, “Analysis of Activity Patterns and Design Features Relationships in Urban Public Spaces Using Direct Field Observations, Activity Maps and GIS Analysis: Mel Lastman Square in Toronto as a Case Study,” Master of Arts in Planning thesis, Univ. of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2013.
  • [19] N. Uluğtekin and İ. Ö. Bildirici, (2022). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi ve Harita. [Online]. Available: https://members.tripod.com/hkmo_ankara/yazilar/cbs_ve_harita.htm
  • [20] K. Lynch, The Image of the City, Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1960.
  • [21] A. Rapoport, Human Aspects of Urban Form, Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press, 1977.
  • [22] R. Kaplan and S. Kaplan, The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective, Cambridge, UK and New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
  • [23] B. Hillier and J. Hanson, The Social Logic of Space, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
  • [24] J. Gehl, Cities for People, Washington, DC, USA: Island Press, 2010.
  • [25] Alexander, The Timeless Way of Building, New York, USA: Oxford University Press, 1979.
  • [26] C. Alexander, A Pattern Language, New York, USA: Oxford University Press, 1977.
  • [27] K. Al-Kodmany, “GIS in the urban landscape: reconfiguring neighbourhood planning and design processes,” Landscape Research, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 5–28, 2000.
  • [28] H. J. Miller, “What about people in geographic information science?,” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 447–453, 2003.
  • [29] B. Goličnik and C. Ward Thompson, “Emerging relationships between design and use of urban park spaces,” Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 38–53, 2010.
  • [30] T. S. Nielsen, “The potential for the exploration of activity patterns in the urban landscape with gps-positioning and electronic activity diaries,” in International Conference for Integrating Urban Knowledge and Practice, Sweden, 2005, pp. 2–14.
  • [31] J. van Schaick, S. C. van der Spek, M. G. J. Smit and F. D. van der Hoeven, Urbanism on Track: Application of Tracing Technologies in Urbanism. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press, 2008.
  • [32] C. Coutts, “Greenway accessibility and physical-activity behavior,” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 552–563, 2008.
  • [33] Calabrese, K. Kloeckl and C. Ratti, “Wikicity: Connecting the tangible and the virtual realm of a city,” Geoinformatics, vol. 10, pp. 42–45, 2007.
  • [34] N. Gürer and A. Uğurlar, “Kent parklarında kullanıcı memnuniyeti: Ankara Kuğulu Park örneği,” Megaron, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 443–459, 2017.
  • [35] D. A. Aydın, “Ankara Tunalı Hilmi Caddesi ve Kuğulu Park’ın sosyal, kültürel ve mekânsal ilişkisinin incelenmesi,” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. Architecture, Gazi Univ., Ankara, Türkiye, 2019.
  • [36] Özparlak and M. Ç. Meşhur, “Sokaktan siteye dönüşen yarı kamusal mekânlar: komşuluk ilişkileri üzerine,” Mimarlık, no. 365, pp. 1–5, 2012.
  • [37] E. Alanyalı Aral, “Kullanıcı davranışlarının kentsel tasarım sürecine etkisi: kentsel kamusal mekanlarda bir gözlem yöntemi önerisi,” Ph.D. dissertation, İstanbul Teknik Univ., Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2016.
  • [38] E. Coşkun, “Kullanıcı hareketlerine dayalı beliren kent davranışı için bir model,” M.Sc. thesis, İstanbul Teknik Üniv., Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2011.
  • [39] W. H. Ittelson, L. G. Rivlin and H. M. Proshansky, “The use of behavioral maps in environmental psychology,” in Environmental Psychology: Man and His Physical Setting, H. M. Proshansky, W. H. Ittelson and L. G. Rivlin, Eds. New York, USA: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970, pp. 658–668.

Kentsel Mekanlarda Aktivite Haritalaması; Ankara/Kuğulu Park Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 1346 - 1370, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1612278

Abstract

Haritalar yalnızca yön bulma araçları değil, aynı zamanda mekân, kültür ve kentsel dinamiklere dair anlayışımızı şekillendiren ifade ve analiz araçlarıdır. Bu çalışma, doğrudan gözlem ve CBS (Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri) teknolojilerini birleştiren bir yöntem olan etkinlik haritalamanın, kullanıcı davranışları ile kentsel kamusal mekânlardaki mekânsal özellikler arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamada nasıl kullanılabileceğini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ankara’daki Kuğulu Park’ı örnek olay olarak ele alan araştırma, kullanım biçimleri, sıklıkları ve zaman içinde faaliyetlerin dağılımını incelemek için etkinlik haritalama tekniklerini uygular. Çalışma, geleneksel statik veri toplama yöntemlerinin sınırlılıklarını ortaya koymakta ve haritalamayı, kentsel tasarım süreçlerini geliştiren dinamik ve kullanıcı odaklı bir alternatif olarak önermektedir. Temel bulgular, mekânsal tasarım öğelerinin davranış kalıplarıyla nasıl ilişkili olduğunu vurgulamakta ve kamusal mekânların yaşanmış deneyimlerinin yorumlanmasında haritalamanın değerini pekiştirmektedir.

References

  • [1] J. Habermas, Kamusallığın Yapısal Dönüşümü. İstanbul, Türkiye: İletişim Yayınları, 2007 (Transl.: T. Bora ve M. Sancar).
  • [2] A. Madanipour, “Whose public space?” in International Case Studies in Urban Design and Development, 1st ed. New York, USA, 2010, pp. 1-15.
  • [3] J. Gehl, Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space, Washington, USA: Island Press, 2011, pp. 9-49.
  • [4] A. Jacobs and D. Appleyard, “Toward an urban design manifesto,” in The City Reader, eds., R. T. LeGates and F. Stout, London, UK, 1987, pp. 112–120.
  • [5] M. Carmona, “Contemporary public space, part two: classification,” Journal of Urban Design, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 157–173, 2010.
  • [6] M. Carmona, T. Heath, T. Oc and S. A. Tiesdell, Public Places, Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design. Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 2003.
  • [7] E. Relph, Place and Placelessness. London, UK: Pion Press, 1976.
  • [8] D. Canter, The Psychology of Place, Oxford, UK: Architectural Press, 1977.
  • [9] J. Punter, “Participation in the design of urban space,” Landscape Design, vol. 200, pp. 24–27, 1991.
  • [10] J. Montgomery, “Making a city: urbanity, vitality and urban design,” Journal of Urban Design, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 93–116, 1998.
  • [11] W. Whyte, The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, Washington, DC, USA: The Conservation Foundation, 1980.
  • [12] D. Wood, Rethinking The Power of Maps, New York, USA: The Guilford Press, 1992.
  • [13] J. Corner, “The agency of mapping: speculation, critique and invention,” in Mappings, D. Cosgrove, ed. London, UK: Reaktion Books, 1999, ch. 10, pp. 213–252.
  • [14] G. Güleç, “Mimarlıkta temsil ve tasarım araçları olarak haritalar,” Grid: Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarım Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 53–73, 2021.
  • [15] Genz and D. Lucas-Dragon, “Decoding mapping as practice: an interdisciplinary approach in architecture and urban anthropology,” The Urban Transcripts Journal, vol. 1, no. 4, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://journal.urbantranscripts.org/article/decoding-mapping-practice-interdisciplinary-approach-architecture-urban-anthropology-carolin-genz-diana-lucas-drogan
  • [16] E. Pinzon Cortes, “Mapping urban form: morphology studies in the contemporary urban landscape,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Architecture, Delft Univ. of Technology, Bogota, Colombia, 2009.
  • [17] R. Almatarneh, “Analysis of activity patterns and design features relationships in urban public spaces: a case study of the old city of as-salt,” International Journal of Computer Engineering Research, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 34–51, 2014.
  • [18] M. Rasouli, “Analysis of Activity Patterns and Design Features Relationships in Urban Public Spaces Using Direct Field Observations, Activity Maps and GIS Analysis: Mel Lastman Square in Toronto as a Case Study,” Master of Arts in Planning thesis, Univ. of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2013.
  • [19] N. Uluğtekin and İ. Ö. Bildirici, (2022). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi ve Harita. [Online]. Available: https://members.tripod.com/hkmo_ankara/yazilar/cbs_ve_harita.htm
  • [20] K. Lynch, The Image of the City, Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1960.
  • [21] A. Rapoport, Human Aspects of Urban Form, Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press, 1977.
  • [22] R. Kaplan and S. Kaplan, The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective, Cambridge, UK and New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
  • [23] B. Hillier and J. Hanson, The Social Logic of Space, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
  • [24] J. Gehl, Cities for People, Washington, DC, USA: Island Press, 2010.
  • [25] Alexander, The Timeless Way of Building, New York, USA: Oxford University Press, 1979.
  • [26] C. Alexander, A Pattern Language, New York, USA: Oxford University Press, 1977.
  • [27] K. Al-Kodmany, “GIS in the urban landscape: reconfiguring neighbourhood planning and design processes,” Landscape Research, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 5–28, 2000.
  • [28] H. J. Miller, “What about people in geographic information science?,” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 447–453, 2003.
  • [29] B. Goličnik and C. Ward Thompson, “Emerging relationships between design and use of urban park spaces,” Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 38–53, 2010.
  • [30] T. S. Nielsen, “The potential for the exploration of activity patterns in the urban landscape with gps-positioning and electronic activity diaries,” in International Conference for Integrating Urban Knowledge and Practice, Sweden, 2005, pp. 2–14.
  • [31] J. van Schaick, S. C. van der Spek, M. G. J. Smit and F. D. van der Hoeven, Urbanism on Track: Application of Tracing Technologies in Urbanism. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press, 2008.
  • [32] C. Coutts, “Greenway accessibility and physical-activity behavior,” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 552–563, 2008.
  • [33] Calabrese, K. Kloeckl and C. Ratti, “Wikicity: Connecting the tangible and the virtual realm of a city,” Geoinformatics, vol. 10, pp. 42–45, 2007.
  • [34] N. Gürer and A. Uğurlar, “Kent parklarında kullanıcı memnuniyeti: Ankara Kuğulu Park örneği,” Megaron, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 443–459, 2017.
  • [35] D. A. Aydın, “Ankara Tunalı Hilmi Caddesi ve Kuğulu Park’ın sosyal, kültürel ve mekânsal ilişkisinin incelenmesi,” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. Architecture, Gazi Univ., Ankara, Türkiye, 2019.
  • [36] Özparlak and M. Ç. Meşhur, “Sokaktan siteye dönüşen yarı kamusal mekânlar: komşuluk ilişkileri üzerine,” Mimarlık, no. 365, pp. 1–5, 2012.
  • [37] E. Alanyalı Aral, “Kullanıcı davranışlarının kentsel tasarım sürecine etkisi: kentsel kamusal mekanlarda bir gözlem yöntemi önerisi,” Ph.D. dissertation, İstanbul Teknik Univ., Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2016.
  • [38] E. Coşkun, “Kullanıcı hareketlerine dayalı beliren kent davranışı için bir model,” M.Sc. thesis, İstanbul Teknik Üniv., Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2011.
  • [39] W. H. Ittelson, L. G. Rivlin and H. M. Proshansky, “The use of behavioral maps in environmental psychology,” in Environmental Psychology: Man and His Physical Setting, H. M. Proshansky, W. H. Ittelson and L. G. Rivlin, Eds. New York, USA: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970, pp. 658–668.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architecture (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nisa Doğru 0000-0002-2978-9864

Ayşegül Kaya 0000-0001-6871-6708

Submission Date January 2, 2025
Acceptance Date June 4, 2025
Publication Date July 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Doğru, N., & Kaya, A. (2025). Activity Mapping in Urban Space; Ankara/Kuğulu Park Case. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 13(3), 1346-1370. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1612278
AMA Doğru N, Kaya A. Activity Mapping in Urban Space; Ankara/Kuğulu Park Case. DUBİTED. July 2025;13(3):1346-1370. doi:10.29130/dubited.1612278
Chicago Doğru, Nisa, and Ayşegül Kaya. “Activity Mapping in Urban Space; Ankara Kuğulu Park Case”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 3 (July 2025): 1346-70. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1612278.
EndNote Doğru N, Kaya A (July 1, 2025) Activity Mapping in Urban Space; Ankara/Kuğulu Park Case. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13 3 1346–1370.
IEEE N. Doğru and A. Kaya, “Activity Mapping in Urban Space; Ankara/Kuğulu Park Case”, DUBİTED, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1346–1370, 2025, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1612278.
ISNAD Doğru, Nisa - Kaya, Ayşegül. “Activity Mapping in Urban Space; Ankara Kuğulu Park Case”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13/3 (July2025), 1346-1370. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1612278.
JAMA Doğru N, Kaya A. Activity Mapping in Urban Space; Ankara/Kuğulu Park Case. DUBİTED. 2025;13:1346–1370.
MLA Doğru, Nisa and Ayşegül Kaya. “Activity Mapping in Urban Space; Ankara Kuğulu Park Case”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 3, 2025, pp. 1346-70, doi:10.29130/dubited.1612278.
Vancouver Doğru N, Kaya A. Activity Mapping in Urban Space; Ankara/Kuğulu Park Case. DUBİTED. 2025;13(3):1346-70.