The Roles of Chicken Manure and Biochar Applications in Enhancing the Morphological, Yield, Crude Protein Content and Antioxidant Activities of Basil

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chicken manure (10 and 20 t ha-1) and biochar (40 and 80 t ha-1) applications on the morphological, yield, protein content, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Pot experiments under climate chamber conditions at 24 ◦C (a day length of 16 h) and 16 ◦C (8 h in a night) showed that A8 and A4 applications significantly increased plant height (PH) values compared to A9 application. Branch number (BN) values had no statistically significant differences in the first and second harvest, but these values showed statistically differences in the harvests mean of the BN. For fresh weight (FW) values, while the A3 application had the 80.00% increase than A9 application, A8 application showed higher FW value compared to A9 application with the increasing of 0.51% and 0.24% in the first and total harvest, respectively. Dry weight (DW) values significantly increased by 2%, 7% and 9% with application of A3 (40 t ha-1 biochar×10 t ha-1 chicken manure) compared to the control (A9) application. The highest crude protein, DPPH, FRAP and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found from applications of A7, A2, A9, A6, and A4, respectively. The principal coordinate analysis (PCA) revealed over 52% total variations depending on the first two PCs. Cluster heat map analysis showed that most of the applications took place in the main group B. The results suggest that chicken manure and biochar applications influenced the morphology, yield, protein content, and antioxidant activities of basil. Therefore, these applications can play a crucial role in sustainable basil cultivation, serving as a safe source of mineral matter, particularly for organic farming.

Keywords

• Organic agriculture
• Sustainability
• Ocimum basilicum

Tavuk Gübresi ve Biyokömür Uygulamalarının Fesleğenin Morfolojik, Verim, Protein İçeriği ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerini Artırmadaki Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışma, tavuk gübresi (10 ve 20 t ha-1) ve biyokömür (40 ve 80 t ha-1) uygulamalarının fesleğenin (Ocimum basilicum L.) morfolojik, verim, antioksidan aktivitesi, toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid içerikleri üzerine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. 24 ◦C (16 saatlik bir gün uzunluğu) ve 16 ◦C'de (8 saat gece) iklim odası koşullarında saksı deneyleri, A8 ve A4 uygulamalarının bitki boyu (PH) değerlerini A9 uygulamasına kıyasla önemli ölçüde artırdığını göstermiştir. Dal sayısı (DS) değerleri birinci ve ikinci hasatta istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark göstermemiş, ancak bu değerler DS'nin hasat ortalamasında istatistiksel olarak farklılıklar göstermiştir. Yaş ağırlık (YA) değerlerinde, A3 uygulaması A9 uygulamasına göre %80.00 artış gösterirken, A8 uygulaması A9 uygulamasına göre daha yüksek YA değeri göstermiş, ilk ve toplam hasatta sırasıyla %0.51 ve %0.24 artış olmuştur. Kuru ağırlık (KA) değerleri, A3 uygulamasıyla (40 t ha-1 biyokömür×10 t ha-1 tavuk gübresi) kontrol (A9) uygulamasına göre sırasıyla %2, %7 ve %9 oranında artmıştır. En yüksek ham protein, DPPH, FRAP ve toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri sırasıyla A7, A2, A9, A6 ve A4 uygulamalarında bulundu. Temel Bileşen Analizler (TBA), ilk iki TB'ye bağlı olarak %52'den fazla toplam varyasyon olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Kümeleme ısı haritası analizi, uygulamaların çoğunun B ana grubunda gerçekleştiğini göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, tavuk gübresi ve biyokömür uygulamalarının fesleğenin morfolojisini, verimini, protein içeriğini ve antioksidan aktivitelerini etkilediğini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, bu uygulamalar özellikle organik tarım için güvenli bir mineral madde kaynağı olarak sürdürülebilir fesleğen yetiştiriciliğinde önemli bir rol oynayabilirler.

Keywords

• Organik tarım
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Ocimum basilicum

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