Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential

Nurcan Berber

doi:10.29130/dubited.1717358

TR EN

İzoksazol İçeren Antikanser İlaçlarındaki Gelişmeler: Sentezden Klinik Potansiyel

Abstract

Kanser, dünya genelinde en yaygın ve ölümcül hastalıklar arasında yer almakta olup, tedaviye karşı gelişen dirençlerle başa çıkmak ve hastalık sonuçlarını iyileştirmek adına yeni terapötik stratejiler geliştirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Heterosiklik bileşikler, tıbbi kimya alanında uzun süredir temel yapı taşları olarak kabul edilmektedir. Özellikle izoksazol halkası, benzersiz elektronik yapısı ve hidrojen bağları etkileşimi potansiyeli nedeniyle kanser tedavisinde umut verici bir farmakofor olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Isoxazole, bir beş üyeli heterosiklik halka olup, 1 ve 2. pozisyonlarda azot ve oksijen atomları içerir. Bu yapısı sayesinde, izoksazol türevleri çeşitli enzimler ve reseptörlerle hızlı bir şekilde etkileşime girerek farklı biyolojik aktiviteler sergileyebilmektedir. Son yıllarda, izoksazol türevlerinin meme kanseri, akciğer kanseri, kolon kanseri ve lösemi gibi kanser türlerinde önemli antikanser etkinlikler gösterdiği rapor edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, izoksazol türevlerinin çeşitli kanser türlerindeki biyolojik etkileri incelenmiştir. İzoksazol türevlerinin apoptozun indüksiyonu, anjiyogenezisin inhibisyonu, hücre döngüsünün duraklatılması ve tümör hücre proliferasyonunun baskılanması gibi anahtar kanser yollarını modüle etme potansiyeli vurgulanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, izoksazol halkasının antikanser ajanlarının rasyonel tasarımı için değerli bir motif olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, izoksazol içeren bileşiklerin sentezi, biyolojik aktiviteleri ve potansiyel klinik uygulamaları üzerine yapılan literatür taraması, bu alandaki gelecekteki araştırmalar için önemli ipuçları sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Heterosiklik bileşikler, izoksazol türevleri, 1, 3-dipolar sikloadisyon, antikanser ajanları

Supporting Institution

Destekleyici bir kurum yoktur.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın yayınlanmasıyla ilgili herhangi bir etik sorun bulunmamaktadır.

Thanks

Beyan edilecek bir teşekkür bulunmamaktadır.

Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most common and deadly diseases worldwide, and the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome treatment resistance and improve clinical outcomes remains a critical challenge. Heterocyclic compounds have long been recognized as fundamental building blocks in medicinal chemistry. Among them, the isoxazole ring has emerged as a promising pharmacophore in anticancer drug design due to its unique electronic properties and hydrogen-bonding capability. Isoxazole is a five-membered heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms at the 1st and 2nd positions, enabling diverse interactions with enzymes and receptors and resulting in a wide range of biological activities. In this review, scientific studies on the development of isoxazole-containing compounds as anticancer agents have been systematically examined from the past to the present. The selected studies were evaluated based on their reported anticancer activity, molecular mechanisms of action, and clinical development status. Isoxazole derivatives have demonstrated significant activity against various cancer types, including breast, lung, colorectal cancers, and leukemia, through mechanisms such as apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, kinase inhibition, and suppression of angiogenesis. Moreover, the clinical approval of certain isoxazole-based drugs further supports the translational potential of this scaffold. Overall, the isoxazole core represents a promising and clinically relevant pharmacophore for the development of next-generation targeted anticancer therapies.

Keywords

Heterocyclic coumponds, Isoxazole derivatives, Dipolar cycloaddition, Anticancer agents

Supporting Institution

This research received no external funding.

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve human or animal participants. All procedures followed scientific and ethical principles, and all referenced studies are appropriately cited.

Thanks

The author do not wish to acknowledge any individual or institution.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions

Journal Section

Review Article

Authors

Nurcan Berber ^*
0000-0002-1595-585X
Türkiye

Publication Date

April 19, 2026

Submission Date

June 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 14 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1717358

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA55PM53DK

APA

Berber, N. (2026). Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 14(2), 651-665. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1717358

AMA

1.Berber N. Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential. DUBİTED. 2026;14(2):651-665. doi:10.29130/dubited.1717358

Chicago

Berber, Nurcan. 2026. “Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14 (2): 651-65. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1717358.

EndNote

Berber N (April 1, 2026) Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14 2 651–665.

IEEE

[1]N. Berber, “Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential”, DUBİTED, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 651–665, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1717358.

ISNAD

Berber, Nurcan. “Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14/2 (April 1, 2026): 651-665. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1717358.

JAMA

1.Berber N. Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential. DUBİTED. 2026;14:651–665.

MLA

Berber, Nurcan. “Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 14, no. 2, Apr. 2026, pp. 651-65, doi:10.29130/dubited.1717358.

Vancouver

1.Nurcan Berber. Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential. DUBİTED. 2026 Apr. 1;14(2):651-65. doi:10.29130/dubited.1717358

İzoksazol İçeren Antikanser İlaçlarındaki Gelişmeler: Sentezden Klinik Potansiyel

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Advances in Isoxazole-Containing Anticancer Drugs: From Synthesis to Clinical Potential

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ethical Statement

Thanks

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Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

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