Cr (kırıntı kauçuk) ile modifiye edilmiş bağlayıcıyla hazırlanan poroz asfalt karışımların yarı-rijit kaplamaların mekanik özelliklerine etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Yarı rijit üstyapıda kullanılan CR (kırıntı kauçuk) ile modifiye edilmiş Poroz asfalt karışımın temel mühendislik özelliklerine ve performansına göre tasarlanması ve hazırlanmasına yönelik deneysel çalışmalar sunulmuştur. Çalışmada Poroz asfalt karışımların hazırlanması için farklı agrega gradasyonları kullanılarak boşluk yüzdesi belirlenmiş, karışımlarda bazalt ve kalker agregası olarak iki farklı kökene sahip agrega, 160/220 saf bitüm ve CR modifiye katkı malzemesi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca yarı rijit üstyapı karışım numuneleri elde etmek için boşlukların doldurulmasında kullanılan çimento harç özellikleri verilmiştir. Yarı rijit karışım numuneleri üzerinde mühendislik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi için çimento harcına akışkanlık ve basınç dayanım deneyi, karışım numuneleri üzerinde cantabro, marshall, basınç ve permeabilite deneyleri yapılmıştır. Deneylerin sonuçlarına göre Poroz asfalt karışımlarında kullanılan CR modifiye bağlayıcıların Yarı rijit karışımların performans özelliklerini arttırdığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Poroz asfalt
• yarı-rijit üsyapı
• Cr (kırıntı kauçuk)

Effect of CR-Modified Binders on the Mechanical Properties of Semi-Rigid Pavements Prepared with Porous Asphalt Mixtures

Abstract

In this study, experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate the fundamental engineering properties and performance of porous asphalt mixtures modified with CR (crumb rubber) for use in semi-rigid pavement structures. During the design of the porous asphalt mixtures, different aggregate gradations were used to determine air void contents. Two types of aggregates with different origins (basalt and limestone), 160/220 penetration grade pure bitumen, and CR-modified binder were utilized in the mixtures. The properties of the cement mortar used to fill the voids in the porous asphalt mixtures were also examined in detail for the production of semi-rigid pavement specimens. Flowability and compressive strength tests were performed on the cement mortar, while Cantabro loss, Marshall stability, compressive strength, and permeability tests were conducted on the semi-rigid composite specimens. The experimental results revealed that the use of CR-modified binders in porous asphalt mixtures significantly improved the mechanical performance of the semi-rigid pavement structures.

Keywords

• Porous asphalt
• Semi-rigid pavement
• CR (crumb rubber)

References

1. Akıllı El, A. (2024). Farklı bağlayıcılarla hazırlanan poroz asfalt ve yarı rijit üstyapıların mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi (Doctoral dissertation, Fırat University).
2. Akıllı El, A., Yalçın, E., & Yılmaz, M. (2025a). Investigation of the effects of porous asphalt mixtures prepared with different modified binders on the performance characteristics of semi-rigid pavements. Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering, 36(5), 75-109. https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1603771
3. Akıllı El, A., Yalçın, E., & Yılmaz, M. (2025b). Investigation of design and performance characteristics of materials used in cement mortar mixtures designed for semi-rigid pavements. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 13(2), 509–527. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1630961
4. Alkaissi, Z. A. (2020). Effect of high temperature and traffic loading on rutting performance of flexible pavement. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 32(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2018.04.005
5. ASTM International.(1989).Standard test method for resistance of plastic flow of bituminous mixtures using Marshall apparatus (ASTM D1559-89).
6. Attia, M., & Abdelrahman, M. (2009). Enhancing the performance of crumb rubber-modified binders through varying the interaction conditions. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 10(6), 423-434. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298430802343177
7. Erkuş, Y., Kök, B. V., & Yilmaz, M. (2020). Evaluation of performance and productivity of bitumen modified by three different additives. Construction and Building Materials, 261. Article 120553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120553
8. Florida Department of Transportation. (2015). Measurement of water permeability of compacted asphalt paving mixtures (FM 5-565)

9. Gong, M., Xiong, Z., Deng, C., Peng, G., Jiang, L., & Hong, J. (2022). Investigation on the impacts of gradation type and compaction level on the pavement performance of semi-flexible pavement mixture. Construction and Building Materials, 324, Article 126562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126562
10. Gupta, A., Lastra-Gonzalez, P., Rodriguez-Hernandez, J., González González, M., & Castro-Fresno, D. (2021). Critical assessment of new polymer-modified bitumen for porous asphalt mixtures. Construction and Building Materials, 307, Article 124957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124957
11. Hassani, A., Taghipoor, M., & Karimi, M. M. (2020). A state of the art of semi-flexible pavements: Introduction, design, and performance. Construction and Building Materials, 253, Article 119196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119196
12. Hirato, T., Murayama, M., & Sasaki, H. (2014). Development of high stability hot mix asphalt concrete with hybrid binder. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 1(6), 424-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-7564(15)30292-0
13. Hou, S., Xu, T., & Huang, K. (2016). Investigation into engineering properties and strength mechanism of grouted macadam composite materials. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 17(10), 878-886. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2015.1024467
14. Imran Khan, M., Sutanto, M. H., Bin Napiah, M., Zoorob, S. E., Al-Sabaeei, A. M., Rafiq, W., Ali, M., & Memon, A. M. (2021). Investigating the mechanical properties and fuel spillage resistance of semi-flexible pavement surfacing containing irradiated waste PET based grouts. Construction and Building Materials, 304, Article 124641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124641
15. Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü, (2013). Highway Technical Specifications. KGM.
16. Kumar, D. H., Chinnabhandar, R. K., Chiranjeevi, K., & Shankar, A. U. R. (2023). Effect of aggregate gradation and bitumen type on mechanical properties of semi-flexible asphalt mixtures. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18, Article e02025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02025
17. Kumar, S., & Kumar Suman, S. (2022). Investigating the properties of cement grouted bituminous mix with alternative grout compositions. Materials Today: Proceedings, 65(2), 831-838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.335
18. Leite, L. F. M., Constantino, R. S., & Vivoni, A. (2001). Rheological Studies of Asphalt with Ground Tire Rubber. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2(2), 125-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2001.9689896
19. Moghaddam, T. B., Karim, M. R., & Abdelaziz, M. (2011). A review on fatigue and rutting performance of asphalt mixes. Scientific Research and Essays, 6(4), 670-682.
20. Navarro, F. J., Partal, P., Martínez-Boza, F. J., & Gallegos, C. (2007). Influence of processing conditions on the rheological behavior of crumb tire rubber-modified bitumen. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104(3), 1683-1691. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.25800
21. Rasool, R. t., Hongru, Y., Hassan, A., Wang, S., & Zhang, H. (2018). In-field aging process of high content SBS modified asphalt in porous pavement. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 155, 220-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.07.023
22. Saboo, N., Khalpada, V., Sahu, P. K., Radhakrishnan, R., & Gupta, A. (2019). Optimal proportioning of grout constituents using mathematical programming for semi flexible pavement. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 12(3), 297-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-019-0036-x
23. Sunil, S., Varuna, M., & Nagakumar, M. S. (2021). Performance evaluation of semi rigid pavement mix. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46(10), 4771-4775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.311
24. Taghipoor, M., Hassani, A., & Karimi, M. M. (2021). Development of procedure for design and preparation of open-graded asphalt mixture used in semi-flexible pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 306, Article 124884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124884
25. Turkish Standards Institution. (2010). Concrete—Hardened concrete tests—Part 3: Determination of compressive strength of test specimens (TS EN 12390-3).
26. Turkish Standards Institution. (2017). Bituminous mixtures—Test methods—Part 17: Particle loss in porous asphalt specimens (TS EN 12697-17).
27. Xu, B., Chen, J., Zhou, C., & Wang, W. (2016). Study on Marshall Design parameters of porous asphalt mixture using limestone as coarse aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 124, 846-854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.005
28. Xu, G., Fan, J., Ma, T., Zhao, W., Ding, X., & Wang, Z. (2021). Research on application feasibility of limestone in sublayer of Double-Layer permeable asphalt pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 287, Article 123051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123051
29. Yu, H., Lin, J., Pan, S., Gong, M., Yu, J., & Tan, Z. (2025). Enhancing engineering performance of semi-flexible pavements using crumb rubber as a modulus transition medium. Construction and Building Materials, 487, Article 142040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142040
30. Zhou, J., Lu, Z., Zhou, Z., Pan, C., Cao, S., Cheng, J., & Zhang, J. (2023). Extraction of bridge mode shapes from the response of a two-axle passing vehicle using a two-peak spectrum idealized filter approach. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 190, Article 110122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2023.110122