Kotum Deresi'nin Ağır Metal İçeriği ve Su Kalitesi Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Tatvan (Kotum) Deresi, Nemrut Dağı civarındaki kaynaklardan beslenen küçük kolların oluşturduğu bir su kaynağıdır. Dere havzası, bazaltik ve andezitik kayaçların yaygın olduğu Doğu Anadolu Platosu'nun yüksek ve engebeli arazisinde yer almaktadır. Kışın yüksek kar örtüsü, ilkbaharda ise hızlı kar erimesi nedeniyle dere rejiminde mevsimsel değişimler görülür. Tatvan Deresi hidrolojik olarak Van Gölü'ne dökülen önemli kollardan biridir. Derenin taşıdığı alüvyon, ilkbaharda debiyi artırarak göl çevresinde delta oluşumuna katkıda bulunur. Ancak son yıllarda artan yerleşim ve tarımsal faaliyetler su kalitesini tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Van Gölü Havzası'nda bulunan Kotum Deresi'nden alınan su örneklerindeki ağır metaller ve diğer kimyasal parametreler incelenmiştir. Kirlilik seviyelerini değerlendirmek için Ağır Metal Kirlilik İndeksi (HPI) ve Metal İndeksi (MI) hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, diğer su kalitesi parametreleri de yasal standartlara göre değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, bölge için sürdürülebilir su yönetimi politikaları ve çevre koruma stratejileri geliştirmek için bilimsel bir temel sağlamaktır.

Keywords

• Akarsu hidrolojisi
• Ağır metal
• HPI
• MI
• Su kalitesi

Heavy Metal Content and Water Quality Assessment of Kotum Stream

Abstract

Tatvan (Kotum) Stream is a water source formed by small branches fed from springs around Nemrut Mountain. The watershed is located in the high and rugged terrain of the Eastern Anatolian Plateau, where basaltic and andesitic rocks are common. Due to high snow cover in winter and rapid snowmelt in spring, seasonal changes are observed in the stream regime. Hydrologically, Tatvan Stream is one of the important tributaries flowing into Lake Van. The alluvium carried by the stream increases the flow rate in spring and contributes to delta formation around the lake. However, in recent years, increasing settlement and agricultural activities have threatened the water quality. This study examines heavy metals and other chemical parameters in water samples from Kotum Stream within the Lake Van Basin. Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) and Metal Index (MI) were calculated to assess pollution levels. Additionally, other water quality parameters were evaluated and interpreted according to regulatory standards. The aim of the study is to provide a scientific basis for developing sustainable water management policies and environmental protection strategies for the region.

Keywords

• Stream hydrology
• Heavy metal
• HPI
• MI
• Water quality

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