Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants as Alternatives to R404A and R410A

Erkan Dikmen; Ragıp Yıldırım; Bariş Çelik

doi:10.29130/dubited.1763252

TR EN

R404A ve R410A Alternatif Olarak Yeni Nesil Soğutucu Akışkanlar Kullanan Buhar Sıkıştırmalı Soğutma Sistemlerinin Enerji, Ekserji Ve Çevresel Performans Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, buhar sıkıştırmalı soğutma sistemlerinde yüksek küresel ısınma potansiyeline (GWP) sahip R404A ve R410A soğutucu akışkanlarına alternatif düşük-GWP soğutucu akışkanların enerji, ekserji ve çevresel performansının teorik olarak incelenmesidir. R404A için alternatif olarak R454C, R452A ve R449A incelenirken, R410A için alternatif olarak R454B, R452B ve R463A analiz edilmiştir. Analizler, 40 °C sabit kondenser sıcaklığı ve −25 °C ile +5 °C arasında evaporatör sıcaklıklarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Enerji performansı; akışkan debisi, soğutma kapasitesi, kompresör gücü, performans katsayısı (COP) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ekserji analizi kapsamında toplam ekserji yıkımı ve ekserji verimi hesaplanmış, çevresel etki ise Yaşam Döngüsü İklim Performansı (LCCP) yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, R449A ve R454C’nin R404A’ya kıyasla daha yüksek COP (maksimum %6,87 artış) ve daha iyi ekserji verimi sunduğunu, ancak daha yüksek deşarj sıcaklıklarına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Benzer şekilde, R454B ve R452B, R410A’ya kıyasla biraz COP artışı ve daha düşük LCCP değerleri sağlıyorken, R463A ise düşük enerji/ekserji performansı ve yüksek emisyonlarıyla olumsuz sonuçlar vermiştir. Çevresel analiz, R449A ve R454B’nin sera gazı emisyonlarını önemli ölçüde azalttığını doğrulamaktadır. Genel olarak, termodinamik verimlilik ve çevresel etki göz önüne alındığında, R449A'nın R404A’ya, R454B’nin ise R410A'ya uygun bir çevre dostu alternatif olarak önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Yeni nesil soğutucu akışkan, Enerji analizi, Ekserji analizi, Yaşam Döngüsü İklim Performansı (LCCP), 404A, R410A

Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants as Alternatives to R404A and R410A

Abstract

This study comprehensively analyses the energy, exergy, and environmental performance of alternative low GWP refrigerants used to replace R404A and R410A refrigerants, with high global warming potential (GWP), in vapor compression cooling systems. The refrigerants R454C, R452A, and R449A were analyzed as alternatives for R404A, while R454B, R452B, and R463A were analyzed for R410A. The analyses were executed at a stable condenser temperature of 40 °C and evaporator at temperatures varying between -25 °C and +5 °C. Energy performance was evaluated by cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP), while exergy analysis covered total exergy destruction and exergy efficiency. The environmental impact was determined using the Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) method. The results show that R449A and R454C offer higher COP (with a maximum increase 6.87%) and exergy efficiency compared to R404A, whereas R454B and R452B increase energy efficiency and provide lower LCCP values compared to R410A. In contrast, R463A exhibits low energy and exergy performance and high emission values. Environmental analyses confirm that R449A and R454B significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These findings suggest that R449A is a suitable environmentally friendly alternative to R404A, and R454B is a suitable environmentally friendly alternative to R410A, considering both thermodynamic efficiency and environmental impact.

Keywords

New generation refrigerant, Energy analysis, Exergy analysis, Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP), R404A, R410A

Supporting Institution

This research received no external funding.

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve human or animal participants. All procedures followed scientific and ethical principles, and all referenced studies are appropriately cited.

Thanks

This study was produced from Barış Çelik's thesis titled ‘Energy, Exergy and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants as Alternatives to R404A and R410A’ under the supervision of Erkan Dikmen and Ragıp Yıldırım.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Erkan Dikmen ^*
0000-0002-6804-8612
Türkiye

Ragıp Yıldırım
0000-0003-0902-3420
Türkiye

Bariş Çelik
0000-0001-5339-8495
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 21, 2026

Submission Date

August 12, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 9, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 14 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1763252

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA69PB53PF

APA

Dikmen, E., Yıldırım, R., & Çelik, B. (2026). Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants as Alternatives to R404A and R410A. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 14(1), 163-176. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1763252

AMA

1.Dikmen E, Yıldırım R, Çelik B. Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants as Alternatives to R404A and R410A. DUBİTED. 2026;14(1):163-176. doi:10.29130/dubited.1763252

Chicago

Dikmen, Erkan, Ragıp Yıldırım, and Bariş Çelik. 2026. “Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants As Alternatives to R404A and R410A”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14 (1): 163-76. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1763252.

EndNote

Dikmen E, Yıldırım R, Çelik B (January 1, 2026) Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants as Alternatives to R404A and R410A. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14 1 163–176.

IEEE

[1]E. Dikmen, R. Yıldırım, and B. Çelik, “Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants as Alternatives to R404A and R410A”, DUBİTED, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 163–176, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1763252.

ISNAD

Dikmen, Erkan - Yıldırım, Ragıp - Çelik, Bariş. “Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants As Alternatives to R404A and R410A”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14/1 (January 1, 2026): 163-176. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1763252.

JAMA

1.Dikmen E, Yıldırım R, Çelik B. Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants as Alternatives to R404A and R410A. DUBİTED. 2026;14:163–176.

MLA

Dikmen, Erkan, et al. “Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants As Alternatives to R404A and R410A”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 14, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 163-76, doi:10.29130/dubited.1763252.

Vancouver

1.Erkan Dikmen, Ragıp Yıldırım, Bariş Çelik. Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Performance Analysis of Vapor Compression Cooling Systems Using New Generation Refrigerants as Alternatives to R404A and R410A. DUBİTED. 2026 Jan. 1;14(1):163-76. doi:10.29130/dubited.1763252

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-026-15852-2