Mikroplastikler ve Çevresel Etkileri

Abstract

Plastikler malzemeler, 60 yıl kadar geçmişi olan nispeten genç malzemelerdir ve günümüz teknolojisi sayesinde pek çok çeşidi ile hayatımıza girmiştir. Plastik malzemelerin ilk keşfinden günümüze dek yaklaşık 9 milyar ton civarında plastik üretilmiştir. Bu sayının 2050 yılına kadar 38 milyar ton olacağı ve yaklaşık 13 milyar tonu atık olacağı düşünülürse, “Plastik Çağı’nı” yaşadığımızı söylemek çok da abartı olmayacaktır. Plastikler zaman içinde bozunarak ikincil mikroplastikleri oluşturmaktadır. İlaç, kozmetik gibi sektörlerde kullanılmak üzere üretilen mikroplastikler ise birincil mikroplastikler olarak adlandırılır. Plastik kirliliğinin insanoğluna, suda yaşayan canlılara ve aynı zamanda küresel çevreye büyük tehdit oluşturduğu bilinmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda potansiyel zararlı etkileri nedeniyle küçük plastikler üzerine çalışmalar yoğunlaşmıştır. Aynı zamanda toplumda bir farkındalık oluşturmak ve mikroplastik oluşumunu kontrol altına almak için pek çok girişimde bulunulmuştur. Bu kapsamda ülkemizde 2019 yılında plastik poşet kullanımına sınırlama getirilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, mikroplastiklerin genel özelliklerinden bahsedilip çevreye ve insan sağlığı üzerine olası potansiyel etkileri incelenmiştir. Mikroplastiklerle ilgili daha fazla çalışma yapılması ve çevre sağlığı açısından gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerektiği vurgulanmak istenmiştir.

Keywords

• Mikroplastikler
• Çevre
• Sağlık
• Çevre kirliliği

Microplastics and Environmental Effects

Abstract

Plastic materials are relatively young materials with a history of about 60 years, and many types of microplastics have entered our lives thanks to today's technology. Approximately 9 billion tons of plastic has been produced since the first discovery of plastic materials. Considering that this number will be around 38 billion tons by 2050 and that this number will be about 13 billion tons of waste, it would not be an exaggeration to say that we are living the "Plastic Age". Plastics decompose over time to form secondary microplastics. Microplastics produced for use in sectors such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics are called primary microplastics. It is known that plastic pollution pose a big threat humans, aquatic creatures and also the global environment. Especially in recent years, studies on small size plastics have intensified due to their potential harmful effects. At the same time, many attempts have been made to raise awareness in society and to control formation of microplastics. In this context, restrictions were imposed on the use of plastic bags in our country in 2019.

In this study, the general properties of microplastics were mentioned and their potential effects on the environment and human health were examined. It was emphasized that more studies should be done on microplastics and necessary measures should be taken in terms of environmental health.

Keywords

• Microplastics
• Environment
• Health
• Pollution

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