Araştırma Makalesi
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Düzce İlinde, Taşma Gücü Zayıf Zeminlerin Jet grout Yöntemi ile Analizi ve İyileştirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 412 - 429, 30.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1548995

Öz

Türkiye bir deprem kuşağı üzerinde bulunmaktadır. Ülkemizin üzerinde bulunduğu kuşak itibari, Düzce ile
Dünyanın ve ülkemizin en riskli bir bölgesinde bulunmaktadır. Düzce ilinin depremsellik riski Kuzey Anadolu
Fayı (KAF) etkisinde bulunmaktadır. Bu bölge aktif bir tektonik yapıya sahiptir. Aletsel dönem öncesinde ve
sonrasında değişik zamanlarda farklı büyüklükte depremlere maruz kalmıştır. Son dönemde 1999 yılında iki farklı deprem meydana gelmiştir; 17 Ağustos 1999 tarihinde Adapazarı İzmit bölgesinde deprem moment büyüklüğü Mw=7,4 büyüklüğünde bir deprem meydana gelmiştir. 12 Kasım 1999 tarihinde akşam saatlerinde yaklaşık 18.57’de Düzce’de deprem moment büyüklüğü Mw=7,1 olan bir deprem kaydedilmiş ve 30 s sürmüştür. 17 Ağustos 1999 depreminde Düzce fayın 43 km uzunluğundaki doğu bölümü kırılmıştır. 12 Kasım 1999 depremi ise, 17 Ağustos 1999'daki faylanmanın Düzce fayının kırılmayan doğu bölümünün tetiklemesi sonucu meydana geldiği düşünülmektedir. Şehir içi yer yer ince çakıl ve kumlu çakıl şeklinde bir semin formasyonuna sahiptir. Önceki depremlerde daha çok taşıma gücüne bağlı olarak yapı hasarları meydana gelmişse de yer yer sıvılaşma olgularına da rastlanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Düzce ilinde sıvılaşma riski olan alanda yapılması düşünülen üç katlı yapının üzerine oturacağı zemin iyileştirme yöntemlerinden Jet grout yöntemi kullanılarak iyileştirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Z. F. Wang, S. L. Shen, and W. C. Cheng, "Lateral Displacement Induced by Jet Grouting in Clayey Soils," Géotechnique, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 621–630, 2017.
  • [2] S. L. Shen, Z. F. Wang, and W. C. Cheng, "Estimation of Liquefaction Prevention Using Jet Grouting," Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 621–630, 2017.
  • [3] H. Yalçın, Z. Kaya, C. C. Çadır, E. Uncuoğlu, A. Erol, and M. Akın, "Improvement of an Undisturbed Peat Soil with Jet Grout Columns: Physical and Numerical Modeling," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 105–115, 2023.
  • [4] R. K. N. Wong, Yee Foo Weng, Gan Kok Leong and Shih-Hao Cheng "A Case Study of Effectiveness of Large Diameter Jet Grout for Soil Improvement Works in Soft Marine Clay," in Geotechnics for Sustainable Infrastructure Development, Springer vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 649–655, 2019.
  • [5] H. Güllü, "Prediction of Rheological Characteristics of Jet Grout Mixtures Using Genetic Programming," Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 251-260, 2017.
  • [6] G. Mısır, "Jet Grout Yöntemi İle Zemin İyileştirme ve Deplasman Tahmini: Vaka Analizi," Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 18, ss. 290-299, 2020.
  • [7] M. J. Lenard, P. Alam, and G. R. Madey, "The Application of Neural Networks and a Qualitative Response Model to the Auditor’s Going Concern Uncertainty Decision," Decision Science, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 209–227, 1995.
  • [8] M. N. Vu and Q. H. Le, "Large Soil-Cement Columns in Vietnam," in Geotechnics for Sustainable Infrastructure Development, Springer, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 555–562, 2019.
  • [9] A. Ateş, "Yozgat (Şefaatli) İlçesi Adalet Sarayı Temel Zemininin Sıvılaşma Potansiyelinin Araştırılması ve Zemin İyileştirilmesi: Vaka Analizi," Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 5, ss. 258-272, 2017.
  • [10] H. B. Seed and I. M. Idriss, "Title of the Paper," Journal of Soil Mechanics & Foundations Div., vol. 97, no. 9, pp. 1249-1273, 1971.
  • [11] S. S. C. Liao and R. V. Whitman, "Overburden Correction Factors for SPT in Sand," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 373-377, 1986.
  • [12] M. R. K., "Application of Linear Statistical Model of Earthquake Magnitude Versus Fault Length in Estimating Maximum Expectable Earthquakes," Geology, vol. 5, pp. 464-466, 1977.
  • [13] D. L. Wells and K. J. Coppersmith, "New Empirical Relationships Among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area, and Surface Displacement," Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 84, pp. 974-1002, 1994.
  • [14] R. Ulusay, E. Tuncay, H. Sonmez, and C. Gokceoglu, "An Attenuation Relationship Based on Turkish Strong Motion Data and Iso-acceleration Map of Turkey," Engineering Geology, vol. 74, pp. 265-291, 2004.
  • [15] T. L. Youd et al., "Liquefaction Resistance of Soils: Summary Report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF Workshops on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 127, no. 10, pp. 817-833, 2001.
  • [16] A. W. Skempton, "Standard Penetration Test Procedures and the Effects in Sands of Overburden Pressure, Relative Density, Particle Size, Aging, and Overconsolidation," Geotechnique, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 425-447, 1986.
  • [17] L. A. Grassino, "Design Procedures for Jet-Grouting," in Seminar on Jet Grouting, Singapore, Apr. 7, 1997.
  • [18] Y. Ohta and N. Goto, "Empirical Shear Wave Velocity Equations in Terms of Characteristic Soil Indexes," Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 167-187, 1978.
  • [19] A. Özyanki, H. Dindar, and A. Ekinci, "Killi Zeminlerde Çok Kanallı Yüzey Dalgası Analizi Yöntemi ile Elde Edilen Kayma Dalga Hızı ile Plastisite İndisi ve Standart Penetrasyon Sayısı Korelasyonu," Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 20, ss. 490-497, 2020.
  • [20] İnşaat Mühendisliğinde Zeminlerin Sınıflandırılması, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü TS 1500, 2000

Analysis And Improvement of Poor Bearing Capacity Soils in Düzce Province by Jet grouting Method

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 412 - 429, 30.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1548995

Öz

Turkey is situated in an earthquake-prone zone, and due to its geographic location, Düzce is among the most hazardous regions in the country and the world. The seismic risk in Düzce province is significantly influenced by the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which is characterized by an active tectonic structure. This area has experienced earthquakes of varying magnitudes both before and after the instrumental recording period. Especially, two significant earthquakes occurred in 1999: on August 17, an earthquake with a moment magnitude of Mw = 7.4 struck the Adapazarı-İzmit region. Shortly after, on November 12, 1999, another earthquake with a moment magnitude of Mw=7.1 hit Düzce area at approximately 18:57, lasting for about 30 seconds. During the August 17 earthquake, the eastern section of the Düzce fault, measuring 43 km, was activated. The November 12 earthquake is considered to have been triggered by the previously unbroken eastern section of the Düzce fault as a result of the initial faulting. In the city center, the soil composition mainly consists of fine gravel and sandy gravel in certain areas. Previous earthquakes have resulted in structural damages primarily due to bearing capacity issues, and liquefaction phenomena have also been observed in some locations. In this study, the soil beneath a planned three-story building in Düzce, an area identified having a liquefaction risk, was improved using the jet grout method.

Teşekkür

We thank the Düzce Provincial Directorate of Environment and Urbanization for their contributions to the work.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Z. F. Wang, S. L. Shen, and W. C. Cheng, "Lateral Displacement Induced by Jet Grouting in Clayey Soils," Géotechnique, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 621–630, 2017.
  • [2] S. L. Shen, Z. F. Wang, and W. C. Cheng, "Estimation of Liquefaction Prevention Using Jet Grouting," Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 621–630, 2017.
  • [3] H. Yalçın, Z. Kaya, C. C. Çadır, E. Uncuoğlu, A. Erol, and M. Akın, "Improvement of an Undisturbed Peat Soil with Jet Grout Columns: Physical and Numerical Modeling," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 105–115, 2023.
  • [4] R. K. N. Wong, Yee Foo Weng, Gan Kok Leong and Shih-Hao Cheng "A Case Study of Effectiveness of Large Diameter Jet Grout for Soil Improvement Works in Soft Marine Clay," in Geotechnics for Sustainable Infrastructure Development, Springer vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 649–655, 2019.
  • [5] H. Güllü, "Prediction of Rheological Characteristics of Jet Grout Mixtures Using Genetic Programming," Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 251-260, 2017.
  • [6] G. Mısır, "Jet Grout Yöntemi İle Zemin İyileştirme ve Deplasman Tahmini: Vaka Analizi," Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 18, ss. 290-299, 2020.
  • [7] M. J. Lenard, P. Alam, and G. R. Madey, "The Application of Neural Networks and a Qualitative Response Model to the Auditor’s Going Concern Uncertainty Decision," Decision Science, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 209–227, 1995.
  • [8] M. N. Vu and Q. H. Le, "Large Soil-Cement Columns in Vietnam," in Geotechnics for Sustainable Infrastructure Development, Springer, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 555–562, 2019.
  • [9] A. Ateş, "Yozgat (Şefaatli) İlçesi Adalet Sarayı Temel Zemininin Sıvılaşma Potansiyelinin Araştırılması ve Zemin İyileştirilmesi: Vaka Analizi," Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 5, ss. 258-272, 2017.
  • [10] H. B. Seed and I. M. Idriss, "Title of the Paper," Journal of Soil Mechanics & Foundations Div., vol. 97, no. 9, pp. 1249-1273, 1971.
  • [11] S. S. C. Liao and R. V. Whitman, "Overburden Correction Factors for SPT in Sand," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 373-377, 1986.
  • [12] M. R. K., "Application of Linear Statistical Model of Earthquake Magnitude Versus Fault Length in Estimating Maximum Expectable Earthquakes," Geology, vol. 5, pp. 464-466, 1977.
  • [13] D. L. Wells and K. J. Coppersmith, "New Empirical Relationships Among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area, and Surface Displacement," Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 84, pp. 974-1002, 1994.
  • [14] R. Ulusay, E. Tuncay, H. Sonmez, and C. Gokceoglu, "An Attenuation Relationship Based on Turkish Strong Motion Data and Iso-acceleration Map of Turkey," Engineering Geology, vol. 74, pp. 265-291, 2004.
  • [15] T. L. Youd et al., "Liquefaction Resistance of Soils: Summary Report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF Workshops on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 127, no. 10, pp. 817-833, 2001.
  • [16] A. W. Skempton, "Standard Penetration Test Procedures and the Effects in Sands of Overburden Pressure, Relative Density, Particle Size, Aging, and Overconsolidation," Geotechnique, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 425-447, 1986.
  • [17] L. A. Grassino, "Design Procedures for Jet-Grouting," in Seminar on Jet Grouting, Singapore, Apr. 7, 1997.
  • [18] Y. Ohta and N. Goto, "Empirical Shear Wave Velocity Equations in Terms of Characteristic Soil Indexes," Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 167-187, 1978.
  • [19] A. Özyanki, H. Dindar, and A. Ekinci, "Killi Zeminlerde Çok Kanallı Yüzey Dalgası Analizi Yöntemi ile Elde Edilen Kayma Dalga Hızı ile Plastisite İndisi ve Standart Penetrasyon Sayısı Korelasyonu," Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 20, ss. 490-497, 2020.
  • [20] İnşaat Mühendisliğinde Zeminlerin Sınıflandırılması, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü TS 1500, 2000
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Deprem Mühendisliği, İnşaat Geoteknik Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Ateş 0000-0001-6297-8571

Burak Yeşil 0000-0001-5320-9359

Şükrü Çimen 0000-0002-5803-9093

Serdal Alemdar 0000-0001-6131-2858

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ocak 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 31 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ateş, A., Yeşil, B., Çimen, Ş., Alemdar, S. (2025). Analysis And Improvement of Poor Bearing Capacity Soils in Düzce Province by Jet grouting Method. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 13(1), 412-429. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1548995
AMA Ateş A, Yeşil B, Çimen Ş, Alemdar S. Analysis And Improvement of Poor Bearing Capacity Soils in Düzce Province by Jet grouting Method. DÜBİTED. Ocak 2025;13(1):412-429. doi:10.29130/dubited.1548995
Chicago Ateş, Ali, Burak Yeşil, Şükrü Çimen, ve Serdal Alemdar. “Analysis And Improvement of Poor Bearing Capacity Soils in Düzce Province by Jet Grouting Method”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13, sy. 1 (Ocak 2025): 412-29. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1548995.
EndNote Ateş A, Yeşil B, Çimen Ş, Alemdar S (01 Ocak 2025) Analysis And Improvement of Poor Bearing Capacity Soils in Düzce Province by Jet grouting Method. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13 1 412–429.
IEEE A. Ateş, B. Yeşil, Ş. Çimen, ve S. Alemdar, “Analysis And Improvement of Poor Bearing Capacity Soils in Düzce Province by Jet grouting Method”, DÜBİTED, c. 13, sy. 1, ss. 412–429, 2025, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1548995.
ISNAD Ateş, Ali vd. “Analysis And Improvement of Poor Bearing Capacity Soils in Düzce Province by Jet Grouting Method”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13/1 (Ocak 2025), 412-429. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1548995.
JAMA Ateş A, Yeşil B, Çimen Ş, Alemdar S. Analysis And Improvement of Poor Bearing Capacity Soils in Düzce Province by Jet grouting Method. DÜBİTED. 2025;13:412–429.
MLA Ateş, Ali vd. “Analysis And Improvement of Poor Bearing Capacity Soils in Düzce Province by Jet Grouting Method”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, c. 13, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 412-29, doi:10.29130/dubited.1548995.
Vancouver Ateş A, Yeşil B, Çimen Ş, Alemdar S. Analysis And Improvement of Poor Bearing Capacity Soils in Düzce Province by Jet grouting Method. DÜBİTED. 2025;13(1):412-29.