Development of Organizational Power Scale at Schools: A Reliability and Validity Study / Okullarda Örgütsel Güç Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 18 - 34, 28.01.2014

Yrd.doç.dr. Serpil Alptekin Öğr.grv.meryem Vural Batık

Öz

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of “Special Education Course”, which was carried out 13 weeks and 4 hours in a week, in changing the attitudes of 1st grade students in the Department of Hearing Impaired Education toward persons with disability. Subjects of this study consists of 105 students, 49 of them from day class and 56 of them from evening class, from Ondokuz Mayıs University (Samsun,Turkey), Faculty of Education, Department of Hearing Impaired Education in fall term in 2011-2012.
Method: In this study “Attitude toward Disabled Persons Scale” (ATDP) developed by Yuker, Block, & Young (1970) was used. ATDP scale Form-O was translated into Turkish by Özyürek (1977). In this 6-point Likert-type scale there are 20 items. In the study, a non control group pre-test – post-test model, which is one of the semi-experimental designs, was used. In conformity with pre-test – post-test model without control group, firstly, “Attitude toward Disabled Persons Scale” (ATDP) was applied to the subjects. Then, “Special Education Course”, carried out for 13 weeks and 4 hours a week, was applied by the researcher. At the end of the experimental process, ATDP Scale was applied to subjects again. Independent variable of this study is the content of Special Education Course and the dependent variable is the attitudes of the subjects.
The content of the course, applied to subjects, was revised based on the content determined by Yüksek Öğrenim Kurumu (YÖK) by the researcher. In 2011–2012 fall terms, a 13 week course program was prepared. Each day and evening class students got courses for 13 weeks 4 hours a week. In the courses lecturing, expression and question–answer teqniques were used and their insufficiency about students were made to share their experiences with individuals and they were requested to read books and watch the movies regarding to the disabled. They were requested to correlate the themes in the books and in the movies with the themes in courses, to evaluate their accuracy, to pay attention to the lives of the heros with disability and their families, and to keep notes about the impression they got. Striking parts of the books were shared in the class and the theme was made clearer parts of they watched.
Results: To reveal the difference between subjects. “Special Education Course” has increased positive
attitudes of students towards the disabled. This finding was discussed considering related literature. Attitudes of the teachers who complete their education without developing positive attitudes towards the disabled will be difficult to change afterwards (Murphy, 1996). That is why, planning and implement the content of Special Education Course given at the Department of Special Education is important. The content of Special Education Course both in the Department of Special Education and in other departments of Faculties of Education should be revised. In future studies, effects of Special Education Courses on attitudes of candidates studying at different departments of teaching toward persons with disability can be researched. Moreover, this study can be fulfilled by comparing the attitudes of a control group consisting of students who did not get Special Education Course and the attitudes of
a experiment group. In later studies, the long term the effect of licence programs on students at Department of Special Education and the effect of a program including informing and interaction on the attitudes toward the disabled can be researched.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attitude toward disabled persons, changing the attitudes, giving information, Special Education Course, teacher candidate.

Okullarda Örgütsel Güç Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması / Development of Organizational Power Scale at Schools: A Reliability and Validity Study

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı Özel Eğitim Bölümü öğrencilerinin yetersizlikten etkilenmiş bireylere yönelik tutumlarını değiştirmede “Özel Eğitim dersinin” (bilgilendirmenin) etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırmaya İşitme Engelliler Öğretmenliği 1.sınıfta öğrenim gören 105 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada, yarı deneysel desenlerden kontrol grupsuz ön test–son test modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada öğrencilerin yetersizlikten etkilenmiş kişilere yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla Yuker, Block, &Young (1970) tarafından geliştirilen “Attitudes Towards Disabled Person Skalası”nın (ATDP) “O” Formunun, Özyürek (1977) tarafından Türkçeye çevrilmiş hali olan “Yetersizlikten Etkilenmiş Kişilere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” (YEKYTÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grubuna araştırmacı tarafından 13 hafta boyunca haftada 4 saat “Özel Eğitim dersi” uygulanmıştır. Deneklerin “Yetersizlikten Etkilenmiş Kişilere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği”nden aldıkları ön test ve son test puanları arasındaki farkı test etmek için yapılan bağımlı gruplarda t testi sonucunda anlamlı düzeyde fark bulunmuştur (t(104)=-1.988, p<.05). Ayrıca Cohen’s d etki büyüklüğü analizinde bu etkinin küçük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bulgulara göre “Özel Eğitim dersinin” (bilgilendirme), İşitme Engelliler Öğretmenliği 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin yetersizlikten etkilenmiş bireylere yönelik tutumlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Engelli kişilere yönelik tutumlar, tutumların değiştirilmesi, bilgilendirme, Özel Eğitim dersi, öğretmen adayı

Kaynakça

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