BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2003, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 16 - 23, 01.05.2003

Öz

Bu makale, 1990’larda iki farklı yaklaşımın, Yetenek-haklar ve Yeni Yoksulluk Gündemi yaklaşımları, cinsiyet ekonomisi üzerine yaptığı tartışmayı analiz etmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı bu tartışmanın iki ana başlığını tartışmaktır: Cinsiyet eşitsizliği ve yoksulluk, ve bu makale iki farklı yaklaşımın bu başlıklar üzerindeki ana faklılıklarını belirlemeyi planlamaktadır. Bunlara ek olarak, bu makale, bu iki yaklaşımın cinsiyet ekonomisiyle ilgili çeşitli başlıklardaki yeniden gözden geçirilmiş tanımlarını tartışmaktadır. Bu makalenin var olan literatüre katkısı 1990’larda cinsiyet ekonomisindeki yeni gelişmelerin neler olduğunu ve bu iki yaklaşımın hangi başlıklarda farklılıkları olduğunu okuyucuya vermektir

Kaynakça

  • AGARWAL, B. (1994): “Gender and Command Over Property: A Critical Gap in Economic Analysis and Policy in South Asia,” World Development, Vol: 22, 1455-78.
  • CAGATAY, N. (1998): Engendering Macroeconomics and Macroeconomic Policies, Working Paper: 5, New York, UNDP. DURBIN, E. (1999): “Towards a Gendered Human Poverty Measure,” Feminist Economics, Vol:5, 105-8.
  • FUWA, N. (2000): “The Poverty and Heterogeneity Among Female-Headed Households Revisited: The Case of Panama,” World Development, Vol: 28, 1515-42.
  • GROWN, C., ELSON, D., and CAGATAY, N. (1995): “Introduction,” World Development, Vol: 23, 1827-36.
  • JACKSON, C. (1996): “Rescuing Gender From the Poverty Trap,” World Development, Vol: 24, 489- 504.
  • JACKSON, C. and PALMER-JONES, R. (1999): “Rethinking Gendered Poverty and Work,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 557-83.
  • KABEER, N. (1999): “Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections on the Measurement of Women’s Empowerment,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 435-64.
  • KLASEN, S. 1999: Does Gender Inequality Reduce Growth and Development?Evidence from CrossCountry Regressions, Washington, World Bank.
  • LIPTON, M. (1997): “Editorial: Poverty-Are There Holes in the Consensus?” World Development, Vol: 25, 1003-7.
  • MOSER, C. O. (1998): “The Asset Vulnerability Framework: Reassessing Urban Poverty Reduction Strategies,” World Development, Vol: 26, 1-19.
  • RAZAVI, S. (1999a): “Gendered Poverty and Wellbeing: Introduction,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 409-33.
  • (1999b): “Export-Oriented Employment, Poverty and Gender: Contested Accounts,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 653-83.
  • (1997): “Fitting Gender into Development Institutions,” World Development, Vol: 25, 1111- 25.
  • SAITH, R. and HARRIS-WHITE, B. (1999): “The Gender Sensitivity of Well-being Indicators,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 465-97.
  • SEN, A. and ANAND, S. (2000): “Human development and Economic Sustainability,” World Development, Vol: 28, 2029-49.
  • SEN, G. (1999): “Engendering Poverty Alleviation: Challenges and Opportunities,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 685-92.
  • STANDING, G. (1999): “Global Feminization Through Flexible Labor: A Theme Revisited,” World Development, Vol: 27, 583-602.
  • (1989): “Global Feminization Through Flexible Labor,” World Development, Vol: 17, 1077-95. UNIFEM 2000: Progress of World’s Women, New York, UNIFEM.
  • UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 2004: Human Development Report: Cultural Liberty in Today‘s Diverse World, New York, United Nations.
  • 2003: Human Development Report: Millenium Development Goals, New York, United Nations.
  • 2002: Human Development Report: Deepening Democracy in a Fragmented World, New York, United Nations.
  • 2001: Human Development Report: Making New Technologies Work for Human Development, New York, United Nations.
  • 1999: Human Development Report, New York, United Nations.
  • 1997: Human Development Report, New York, United Nations.
  • 1995: Human Development Report,New York, United Nations.
  • WORLD BANK 2001: Engendering Development Through Gender Equality in RightsResources and Voice, New York, World Bank.

THE GENDER ECONOMICS: THE DEBATE OVER GENDER INEQUALITY AND “HUMAN” POVERTY DURING THE 1990s

Yıl 2003, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 16 - 23, 01.05.2003

Öz

This paper aims to analyze the debate in the 1990s between two main approaches on gender economics, the Capabilities-entitlements and the New Poverty Agenda approaches. The objective of this paper is to discuss the main topics of the debate: the gender inequality and poverty. This paper intends to determine the main differences on those topics between those approaches. In addition to that, this paper discusses the refined definitions of those approaches on various topics of gender economics. The contribution of this paper to the existing literature is to present to the readers what the new developments in gender economics in the 1990s are and is to determine on which topics those main approaches have differences on gender economics In this paper, we present two different perspectives
of the Gender economics. Since the globalization dynamics have stimulated poverty of women during
the 1990s, many Gender economists ultimately give
further emphases to the gender-aware parts of their
economic theories. Therefore, the 1990s is the time
period when serious debates on Gender issues with
its theoretical framework are put forth to the
literature. One side of the debate trusts market and
its actors to alleviate poverty as a whole, and takes,
first, GDP per capita, and then mortality statistics,
life expectancy and literacy statistics as poverty
indicators. However, the other side focuses more on
the variables of the latter indicators above, namely
Human Development Index1
, and other variables
such as technology achievement index2
and cultural
liberty3
in order to measure the poverty of women
and to improve the theoretical framework of the
Gender economics.
It is easy for researchers to find some data like
GDP per capita for many countries; however, it is
almost impossible to find all data, like mortality
statistics, life expectancy, literacy statistics,
technology achievement index and cultural liberty,
for each of the underdeveloped countries. Although
the Human Development Report Office of the
United Nations strives to establish data pool and to include as many member countries as possible from
the relevant international data agencies, for a
significant number of countries data have been still
missing for one or more of those components.
Since such data are not yet regularly available for
a sufficient number of countries, although
improving the coverage and quality of such data
has been a priority for many international
statistical communities for more than one decade,
we are not able to make either econometric models
or graphical explanations for any underdeveloped
countries.4
In other words, such data have been
revisited and attempted to improve many times
since the early 1990s and still does. Since both the
revision and improvement of the data has still
continued, we believe that such a few available
data has not been reliable, yet. Therefore, we have
not prepared an analytical and quantitative study.
Instead we prefer to collect, discuss and present the
debate with its detailed theoretical framework
during the 1990s to the readers of this study. All the
definitions we use in our theoretical framework, if it
is not indicated otherwise, are borrowed from the
Human Development Reports of the United Nations
Development Programme. We only present two
theories of the Gender economics because the other
economic theories, like heterodox economics or
conventional economics, ultimately combine their
theories with one of the theories above in order to
explain the poverty of women in all over the world.

Kaynakça

  • AGARWAL, B. (1994): “Gender and Command Over Property: A Critical Gap in Economic Analysis and Policy in South Asia,” World Development, Vol: 22, 1455-78.
  • CAGATAY, N. (1998): Engendering Macroeconomics and Macroeconomic Policies, Working Paper: 5, New York, UNDP. DURBIN, E. (1999): “Towards a Gendered Human Poverty Measure,” Feminist Economics, Vol:5, 105-8.
  • FUWA, N. (2000): “The Poverty and Heterogeneity Among Female-Headed Households Revisited: The Case of Panama,” World Development, Vol: 28, 1515-42.
  • GROWN, C., ELSON, D., and CAGATAY, N. (1995): “Introduction,” World Development, Vol: 23, 1827-36.
  • JACKSON, C. (1996): “Rescuing Gender From the Poverty Trap,” World Development, Vol: 24, 489- 504.
  • JACKSON, C. and PALMER-JONES, R. (1999): “Rethinking Gendered Poverty and Work,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 557-83.
  • KABEER, N. (1999): “Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections on the Measurement of Women’s Empowerment,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 435-64.
  • KLASEN, S. 1999: Does Gender Inequality Reduce Growth and Development?Evidence from CrossCountry Regressions, Washington, World Bank.
  • LIPTON, M. (1997): “Editorial: Poverty-Are There Holes in the Consensus?” World Development, Vol: 25, 1003-7.
  • MOSER, C. O. (1998): “The Asset Vulnerability Framework: Reassessing Urban Poverty Reduction Strategies,” World Development, Vol: 26, 1-19.
  • RAZAVI, S. (1999a): “Gendered Poverty and Wellbeing: Introduction,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 409-33.
  • (1999b): “Export-Oriented Employment, Poverty and Gender: Contested Accounts,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 653-83.
  • (1997): “Fitting Gender into Development Institutions,” World Development, Vol: 25, 1111- 25.
  • SAITH, R. and HARRIS-WHITE, B. (1999): “The Gender Sensitivity of Well-being Indicators,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 465-97.
  • SEN, A. and ANAND, S. (2000): “Human development and Economic Sustainability,” World Development, Vol: 28, 2029-49.
  • SEN, G. (1999): “Engendering Poverty Alleviation: Challenges and Opportunities,” Development and Change, Vol: 30, 685-92.
  • STANDING, G. (1999): “Global Feminization Through Flexible Labor: A Theme Revisited,” World Development, Vol: 27, 583-602.
  • (1989): “Global Feminization Through Flexible Labor,” World Development, Vol: 17, 1077-95. UNIFEM 2000: Progress of World’s Women, New York, UNIFEM.
  • UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 2004: Human Development Report: Cultural Liberty in Today‘s Diverse World, New York, United Nations.
  • 2003: Human Development Report: Millenium Development Goals, New York, United Nations.
  • 2002: Human Development Report: Deepening Democracy in a Fragmented World, New York, United Nations.
  • 2001: Human Development Report: Making New Technologies Work for Human Development, New York, United Nations.
  • 1999: Human Development Report, New York, United Nations.
  • 1997: Human Development Report, New York, United Nations.
  • 1995: Human Development Report,New York, United Nations.
  • WORLD BANK 2001: Engendering Development Through Gender Equality in RightsResources and Voice, New York, World Bank.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA92BA28ST
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

M. Ufuk Turan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2003
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2003 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Turan, M. U. (2003). THE GENDER ECONOMICS: THE DEBATE OVER GENDER INEQUALITY AND “HUMAN” POVERTY DURING THE 1990s. Ege Academic Review, 3(1), 16-23.
AMA Turan MU. THE GENDER ECONOMICS: THE DEBATE OVER GENDER INEQUALITY AND “HUMAN” POVERTY DURING THE 1990s. eab. Mayıs 2003;3(1):16-23.
Chicago Turan, M. Ufuk. “THE GENDER ECONOMICS: THE DEBATE OVER GENDER INEQUALITY AND ‘HUMAN’ POVERTY DURING THE 1990s”. Ege Academic Review 3, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2003): 16-23.
EndNote Turan MU (01 Mayıs 2003) THE GENDER ECONOMICS: THE DEBATE OVER GENDER INEQUALITY AND “HUMAN” POVERTY DURING THE 1990s. Ege Academic Review 3 1 16–23.
IEEE M. U. Turan, “THE GENDER ECONOMICS: THE DEBATE OVER GENDER INEQUALITY AND ‘HUMAN’ POVERTY DURING THE 1990s”, eab, c. 3, sy. 1, ss. 16–23, 2003.
ISNAD Turan, M. Ufuk. “THE GENDER ECONOMICS: THE DEBATE OVER GENDER INEQUALITY AND ‘HUMAN’ POVERTY DURING THE 1990s”. Ege Academic Review 3/1 (Mayıs 2003), 16-23.
JAMA Turan MU. THE GENDER ECONOMICS: THE DEBATE OVER GENDER INEQUALITY AND “HUMAN” POVERTY DURING THE 1990s. eab. 2003;3:16–23.
MLA Turan, M. Ufuk. “THE GENDER ECONOMICS: THE DEBATE OVER GENDER INEQUALITY AND ‘HUMAN’ POVERTY DURING THE 1990s”. Ege Academic Review, c. 3, sy. 1, 2003, ss. 16-23.
Vancouver Turan MU. THE GENDER ECONOMICS: THE DEBATE OVER GENDER INEQUALITY AND “HUMAN” POVERTY DURING THE 1990s. eab. 2003;3(1):16-23.