The gonadal health status of Cyprinidae fish species collected from the river impacted by anthropogenic activities

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 4, 276 - 285, 15.12.2023

Hatice Dane Turgay Şişman

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.40.4.06

Öz

Many freshwater ecosystems are contaminated with heavy metals released by municipal wastewater, cultivation and factory wastewater. The aim of the study was to evaluate the negative impact of metal pollution on the fish reproductive system. It was performed using the gonadal histopathology, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of three fish species, Capoeta damascina, Squalius semae and Alburnus sellal inhabiting in Karasu River (Erzurum, Turkey) contaminated by various anthropogenic activities. The highest GSI values were determined for each sex according to the seasons, and lower GSI values were observed in polluted stations in all three species. It was observed that HSI values in fish varied significantly from station to station. In addition, an increase in ovarian and testicular lesions (degeneration in oocyte and spermatocytes, atresia, congestion, infiltration, edema, vascular hypertrophy, fibrosis) was detected in the polluted areas. The results clearly showed that the metal pollution in the river adversely affected the reproductive system of the fish species living in the river.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Freshwater fish, Karasu River, gonad histology, GSI, HSI, water pollution, histopathology

Etik Beyan

The legal permissions was obtained from Atatürk University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (ATA36643897/25.09.2013).

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Proje Numarası

None.

Teşekkür

The authors thank to Dr. Şeymanur Adil for helping with the histological analysis.

Antropojenik aktivitelerden etkilenen nehirden toplanan Cyprinidae familyasına ait balık türlerinin gonad sağlığı durumları

Öz

Birçok tatlı su ekosistemi, belediye atık suları, tarım ve fabrika atık sularında bulunan ağır metallerle kirlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, metal kirliliğinin balıkların üreme sistemi üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Bunun için çeşitli antropojenik faaliyetlerle kirlenen Karasu Nehri'nde (Erzurum) yaşayan üç balık türünde (Capoeta damascina, Squalius semae ve Alburnus sellal) gonadal histopatoloji, hepatosomatic indeks (HSI) ve gonadosomatik indeks (GSI) analizleri yapıldı. Mevsimlere göre en yüksek GSI değerleri her cinsiyet için belirlenmiş ve her üç türde de kirli istasyonlarda düşük GSI değerleri gözlenmiştir. HSI değerleri ise istasyonlar arası önemli oranda değişkenlik göstermiştir. Ayrıca özellikle kirli bölge balıklarının yumurtalık ve testislerinde tespit edilen patolojik lezyonlarda (oosit ve spermatositlerde dejenerasyon, atrezi, konjesyon, infiltrasyon, ödem, vasküler hipertrofi, fibrosis gibi) belirgin artışların olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar nehirdeki metal kirliliğinin nehirde yaşayan balık türlerinin üreme sistemini olumsuz etkilediğini açıkça göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tatlısu balığı, Karasu Nehri, gonad histolojisi, GSI, HSI, su kirliliği, histopatoloji

Proje Numarası

None.

Kaynakça

• Abdel-Moneim, A.M., Al-Kahtani, M.A., & Elmenshawy, O.M. (2012). Histopathological biomarkers in gills and liver of Oreochromis niloticus from polluted wetland environments, Saudi Arabia. Chemosphere, 88, 1028-1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.001
• Agbohessi, P.T., Toko, I.I., Ouedraogo, A., Jauniaux, T., Mantiki, S.N.M., & Kastemont, P. (2015). Assessment of the health status of wild fish inhabiting a cotton basin heavily impacted by pesticides in Benin (West Africa). Science of the Total Environment, 506-507, 567-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.047
• Ambani, M.M. (2015). Effects of reproductive biology on heavy metal pollution on the histopathological structure of gonads in India. Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 3, 223-227.
• Anonymous (2016). Erzurum governorship provincial directorate of environment and urbanization. Erzurum province 2016 environmental status report. Available at: https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/editordosya/Erzurum_icdr2016.pdf (Accessed 3 June 2016) (in Turkish).
• Ashraf, M.A., Maah, M.J., & Yusoff, I. (2012). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species collected from former tin mining catchment. International Journal of Environmental Research, 6, 209 218. https://doi.org/10.22059/IJER.2011.487
• Authman, M.M.N. (2011). Environmental and experimental studies of aluminium toxicity on the liver of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) fish. Life Science Journal, 8(4): 764-776.
• Aydoğan, Z., İncekara, Ü., Şişman, T., & Gürol, A. (2017). Monitoring chemical contamination levels in Karasu River based on the use of Enochrus spp. (Hydrophilidae) and Chondrostoma regium (Cyprinidae). The Turkish Journal of Occupational/Environmental Medicine and Safety, 1, 486-492.
• Bashir, W., Sultana, S., Sultana, T., Al-Misned, F., & Riaz, M.N. (2022). Histopathology unveiling the structural damage in gonads of Catla catla due to freshwater contamination. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 34(8), 102369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102369
• Bernet, D., Schmidt, H., Meier, W., Burkhardt-Holm, P., & Wahli, T. (1999). Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution. Journal of Fish Diseases, 22, 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00134.x
• Berois, N., Arezo, M.J., & Papa, N.G. (2011). Gamete interactions in teleost fish: the egg envelope. Basic studies and perspectives as environmental biomonitor. Biological Research, 44, 119 124. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-97602011000200002
• Blazer, V.S. (2002). Histopathological assessment of gonadal fish tissue in wild fishes. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 26, 85 101. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023332216713
• Corredor-Santamaría, W., Torres-Tabares. A., & Velasco-Santamaría, Y.M. (2019). Biochemical and histological alterations in Aequidens metae (Pisces, Cichlidae) and Astyanax gr. bimaculatus (Pisces, Characidae) as indicators of river pollution. Science of the Total Environment, 692, 1234-1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.187
• Corsi, I., Mariottini, M., Sensini, C., Lancini, L., & Focardi, S. (2003). Cytochrome P450, acetylcholinesterase and gonadal histology for evaluating contaminant exposure levels in fishes from a highly eutrophic brackish ecosystem: the Orbetello Lagoon, Italy. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, 203-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(02)00359-4
• Dane, H., & Şişman, T. (2017). A histopathological study on the freshwater fish species chub (Squalius cephalus) in the Karasu River, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 41, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1509-21
• Dane, H., & Şişman, T. (2020a). Effects of heavy metal pollution on hepatosomatic ındex and vital organ histology in Alburnus mossulensis from Karasu River. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 44, 607-617. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1904-50
• Dane, H., & Şişman, T. (2020b). A morpho-histopathological study in the digestive tract of three fish species influenced with heavy metal pollution. Chemosphere, 242, 125212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125212
• Feist, S.W., Stentiford, G.D., Kent, M.L., Santos, A.R., & Lorance, P. (2015). Histopathological assessment of liver and gonad pathology in continental slope fish from the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Marine Environmental Research, 106, 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.02.004
• Gautier, J.C. (2011). Drug Safety Evaluation: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer Science Business Media: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-849-2
• Gavrilescu, M., Demnerová, K., Aamand, J., Agathos, S., & Fava, F. (2015). Emerging pollutants in the environment: present and future challenges in biomonitoring, ecological risks and bioremediation. New Biotechnology, 32, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.01.001
• Geldiay, R., & Balık, S. (2009). Freshwater Fish Species. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları No: 46 VI. Baskı Bornova, İzmir. (in Turkish)
• Gilroy, È.A., McMaster, M.E., Parrott, J.L., Hewitt, L.M., Park, B.J., Brown, S.B., & Sherry, J.P. (2012). Assessment of the health status of wild fish from the Wheatley Harbour Area of Concern, Ontario, Canada. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31, 2798 2811. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2021
• Gupta, N., Yadav, K.K., & Kumar, V. (2015). A review on current status of municipal solid waste management in India. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 37, 206-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.01.034
• Hayati, A., Pramudya, M., Soepriandono, H., Astri, A. R., Kusuma, M. R., Maulidah, S., Adriansyah, W., & Dewi, F. R. P. (2022). Assessing the recovery of steroid levels and gonadal histopathology of tilapia exposed to polystyrene particle pollution by supplementary feed. Veterinary World, 15(2), 517–523. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.517-523
• İşisağ Üçüncü, S., & Çakıcı, Ö. (2009). Atresia and apoptosis in preovulatory follicles in the ovary of Danio rerio (zebrafish). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 9(2), 215 221. https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas.2009.0214
• Joshi, P.S. (2011). Impact of zinc sulphate on behavioural responses in the freshwater fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.). Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 1, 76-82.
• Kalkan, E., Yilmaz, M., & Erdemli, A.Ü. (2005). Some biological properties of the Leuciscus cephalus (L., 1758) population living in Karakaya Dam Lake in Malatya (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 29, 49-58.
• Kaptaner, B. (2015). Relation between increased oxidative stress and histological abnormalities in the ovaries of Alburnus tarichi in Lake Van, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187, 1 11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4936-1
• Khillare, K., Khillare, Y.K., & Wagh, U. (2017). Histological changes in gonads of fresh water fishes due to heavy metal pollution. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6, 601 609. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpps20177-8743
• Łuczyńska, J., Paszczyk, B., & Łuczyński, M.J. (2018). Fish as a bioindicator of heavy metals pollution in aquatic ecosystem of Pluszne Lake, Poland, and risk assessment for consumer's health. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 153, 60 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.057
• Martinez-Haro, M., Beiras, R., Bellas, J., Capela, R., Coelho, J.P., Lopes, I., & Marques, J.C. (2015). A review on the ecological quality status assessment in aquatic systems using community based indicators and ecotoxicological tools: what might be the added value of their combination? Ecological Indicators, 48, 8 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.07.024
• Monsefrad, F., Imanpour, N.J., & Heidary, S. (2012). Concentration of heavy and toxic metals Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg in liver and muscles of Rutilus frisii kutum during spawning season with respect to growth parameters. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 11(4), 825-839.
• Naidu, R., Espana, V.A.A., Liu, Y., & Jit, J. (2016). Emerging contaminants in the environment: risk-based analysis for better management. Chemosphere, 154, 350 357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.068
• Panti, C., Rysky, E., Pedà, C., & Maricchiolo, G. (2017). Gene expression in liver of European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax experimentally exposed to PVC microplastics. Conference: SETAC Europe 2017. 27th Annual Meeting. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.12883.68640
• Poleksic, V., & Mitrovic-Tutundzic, V. (1994). Fish gills as a monitor of sublethal and chronic effects of pollution. In R. Müller, R. Lloyd (Eds.), Sublethal and Chronic Effects of Pollutants on Freshwater Fish, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 339-352.
• Pyle, G.G., Rajotte, J.W., & Couture, P. (2005). Effects of industrial metals on wild fish populations along a metal contamination gradient. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 61, 287 312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.09.003
• Rajan, P., & Kuzhivelil, B.T. (2015). Mercury induced histopathological changes in the testis of the freshwater fish, Rasbora dandia. International Journal of Science and Research, 4, 252-254. Ribeiro, C.A.D.O., Katsumiti, A., França, P., Maschio, J., Zandoná, E., Cestari, M.M., & Filipak Neto, F. (2013). Biomarkers responses in fish (Atherinella brasiliensis) of paranaguá bay, southern Brazil, for assessment of pollutant effects. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 61, 1 11. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592013000100001
• Sadekarpawar, S., & Parikh, P. (2013). Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus in response to a plant nutrient. World Journal of Zoology, 8, 110 118. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjz.2013.8.1.7268
• Sen, F., Elp, M., & Kankaya, E. (2008). Growth and reproduction properties of Capoeta capoeta (Guldenstaedt, 1772) in Zernek Dam Lake, Van, Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7, 1267-1272.
• Sen, F., & Saygin, F. (2008). Biological properties of chub (Leuciscus cephalus L., 1758) in Karasu Stream (Mus/Turkey). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7(8), 1034-1037.
• Sönmez A, Hisar, O., & Yanık, T. (2012). Determination of heavy metal pollution in Karasu River and classification of water quality. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 43, 69-77. (in Turkish with English abstract)
• Torres-Martínez, A., Sánchez, A.J., Alvárez-Pliego, N., Hernández-Franyutti, A.A., López-Hernández, J.C., & Bautista-Regil, J. (2017). Gonadal histopathology of fish from La Polvora Urban Lagoon in the Grijalva Basin, Mexico. Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental, 33, 713-717. https://doi.org/10.20937/RICA.2017.33.04.14
• Uçkun, A.A., & Gökçe, D. (2015). Assessing age, growth, and reproduction of Alburnus mossulensis and Acanthobrama marmid (Cyprinidae) populations in Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1211-13
• UNECE (1994). Standard statistical classification of surface freshwater quality for the maintenance of aquatic life. In Readings in International Environment Statistics, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations, New York and Geneva, 53-64.
• Yadav, K.K., Gupta, N., Kumar, V., Choudhary, P., & Khan, S.A. (2018). GIS-based evaluation of groundwater geochemistry and statistical determination of the fate of contaminants in shallow aquifers from different functional areas of Agra city, India: Levels and spatial distributions. RSC Advances, 8, 15876-15889. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA00577J
• Zulfahmi, I., Muliari, M., Akmal, Y., & Batubara, A.S. (2018). Reproductive performance and gonad histopathology of female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to palm oil mill effluent. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 44, 327-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2018.09.003