OVERVIEW OF COVID-19 DIAGNOSIS METHODS: RAPID REVIEW

Abstract

Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of viral nucleic acid is accepted as the reference standard in the diagnosis of COVID-19. RT-PCR; It is included in nucleic acid amplification tests and is based on the detection of specific sequences of virus RNA and verification by nucleic acid sequence analysis method when necessary. The complementary role of chest computed tomography (CT) to RT-PCR for the early detection of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is increasing due to its wide availability and rapid investigation time. CT examination is of great importance not only in the diagnosis of COVID-19, but also in monitoring the progression of the disease and evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Another alternative to diagnosing COVID-19 is serological (antibody) tests. Serological tests are an important alternative or complementary to RT-PCR in the diagnosis of acute infection. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive and consistent assessment of the diagnosis of COVID-19 by performing a systematic screening of diagnostic methods for COVID-19. It has been concluded that the most important issues in the fight against COVID-19 are the early detection of infected people, the follow-up of the contact people and the necessary isolation, and in this context, it is of great importance that each country has a test policy determined within itself.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• SARS-CoV-2
• Diagnostic Methods

COVID-19 TANI YÖNTEMLERİNE BAKIŞ: HIZLI SİSTEMATİK İNCELEME

Öz

COVID-19 teşhisinde viral nükleik asidin gerçek zamanlı ters transkripsiyon polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (RT-PCR) referans standardı olarak kabul edilmektedir. RT-PCR; nükleik asit amplifikasyon testleri içinde bulunmakta ve virüs RNA’sının özgül dizilerinin saptanması ve gerekli olduğunda nükleik asit dizi analizi yöntemi ile doğrulanması temeline dayanmaktadır. Geniş kullanılabilirliği ve hızlı inceleme süresi nedeniyle COVID-19 pnömonisi olan hastaların erken tespiti için göğüs bilgisayarlı tomografisinin (BT) RT-PCR'a tamamlayıcı rolü giderek artmaktadır. BT incelemesi yalnızca COVID-19 teşhisinde değil aynı zamanda hastalığın ilerlemesinin izlenmesinde ve terapötik etkinliğin değerlendirilmesinde de büyük önem taşımaktadır. COVID-19 teşhisine yönelik bir başka alternatif ise serolojik (antikor) testlerdir. Serolojik testler, akut enfeksiyon tanısında RT-PCR'a alternatif veya tamamlayıcı olarak önemli bir alternatiftir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19’a ilişkin teşhis yöntemlerine dair sistematik tarama yapılarak COVID-19 tanısına ilişkin kapsamlı ve tutarlı bir değerlendirme ortaya koymaktır. COVID-19’la mücadelede en önemli hususların, enfekte kişilerin erken teşhis edilmesi, temaslı kişilerin takibi ve gerekli izolasyonun sağlanması olduğu, bu bağlamda her ülkenin kendi içinde belirlediği bir test politikasının olmasının büyük önem taşıdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• SARS-CoV-2
• Tanı Yöntemleri

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