Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Content and Chemical Composition of Agro-industrial By-products of Citrus Species

Abstract

Comparative analysis of phenolic content and nutritive value for agro-industrial by-products (peel and pomace) of Citrus aurantiım (Bitter orange), Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit), Citrus reticulata (Mandarin), Citrus limon (Lemon), and Citrus sinensis (Sweet orange) was done. All samples for phenolic content were extracted with 70% ethanol and absorbance reading taken at 765nm and nutritive value was also assessed by chemical analysis. The phenolic content of the five citrus peels significantly differed at P<0.01 from pomaces. Phenolic content from highest to lowest for peels was grapefruit > mandarin > lemon > bitter orange > orange while for pomaces, bitter orange > grapefruit > mandarin > lemon >orange. The principal component analysis showed that the phenolic content of citrus species had no correlation with the nutritive value hence they are non-dependent parameters. In addition, the dry matter of the citrus species was the most important component of the nutritive value. This study showed the high variation of the quality parameters (phenolics content and nutritive value) of citrus species among varieties and countries. Meta-analysis of quality parameters of citrus species is recommended to underpin the broad effects of fruit sourcing, maturation, genetics, sample preparation, extraction solvents and laboratory techniques on the agro-industrial by-products.

Keywords

• Agro-industrial
• Chemical Composition
• Citrus
• Phenolics
• Principal component analysis

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