The Effect of Repeated Doses of Ketamine on Hematological Parameters in Rats

Yıl 2019, Cilt 2 (Ek sayı 1), 102 - 106, 27.12.2019

Ufuk Mercan Yücel Leyla Mis

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of
repeated doses of ketamine on hematological parameters in rats. Ketamine is a
dissociative anesthetic that general and rapid-acting phencyclidine derivative.
Ketamine, which is usually used in laboratory animals in combination with
xylazine, can be used alone for short-term anesthesia in rats. General
anesthesia applications repeated several times a day or on different days in
animal experiments are used in pharmacokinetic studies where blood or other samples
are required, in surgical procedures or drug applications on different days
under anesthesia, in treatment applications such as painful wound care, regular
dental care. In this study, 20 adult male Wistar albino rats, weighing between 180-230 g were used. Rats
were divided into two groups as 10 rats in each group. The rats in the ketamine
group received intraperitoneal injection of 10% Ketamine HCl at a dose of 50
mg/kg every other day for 12 days. The control group received 0.2 ml saline
intraperitoneally at the same time. At the end of the study, 2 ml blood
obtained by intracardiac route was placed in K₃EDTA tubes. Hematological parameters
include total leukocyte (WBC), erythrocyte
(RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean
corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH),
erythrocyte distribution width (RDW), lymphocyte (LYM), monocyte (MON), neutrophil (NEU),
lymphocyte%, monocyte%, neutrophil% levels were measured with autoanalyzer device.
According to the results, ketamine has statistically decreased only lymphocyte
count ​​(p <0.05). In conclusion, ketamine caused changes in the lymphocyte
values ​​according to the control group; however, since these changes were
within the range of reference values ​​reported for rats, it was concluded that
ketamine can be used safely in laboratory animals. Investigation of the effect
of the anesthetic agents on blood parameters in laboratory animals is important
in terms of the reliability of experimental studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ketamine, Rat

Kaynakça

• Adeneye AA, Ajagbonna OP, Adeleke TI, Bello SO 2006. Preliminary toxicity and phytochemical studies of the stem bark aqueous extract of Musanga cecropioides in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 105:374–379.
• Albrecht M, Henke J, Tacke S, Markert M, Guth B 2014. Influence of repeated anesthesia on physiological parameters in male Wistar rats: a telemetric study about isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine and a combination of medetomidine, midazolam, and fentanyl. BMC Vet Res 10: 310.
• Alsobayıl F, Sadan M, Al-Shoshan AA 2018. Comparison between the anesthetic effects of xylazine–ketamine and diazepam–ketamine: physiological and blood parameters in young hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas). Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 42: 40-48.
• Atalan G, Demirkan İ, Güneş V, Cihan M, Celebi F, Citil M 2002. Comparison of Xylazine + Ketamine-HCl Anaesthetic Agents With Acepromazine + Butorphanol + Ketamine Combinations for Their Clinical and Cardiorespiratory Effects in Dogs. J Vet Surg 8 (3-4): 35-40. Campbell TW 1996. Clinical pathology. In: Mader DR (ed) Reptile Medicine and Surgery. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A. pp.248-257. Carbone L, Austin J 2016. Pain and Laboratory Animals: Publication Practices for Better Data Reproducibility and Better Animal Welfare. PLoS One 11(5): e0155001.
• Chauhan A, and Pandey SK 2006. Haemato-Biochemical effects of epidural fentanyl-ketamine combinations in dogs. J Bombay Vet Coll 14(1-2): 96-99.
• Çamkerten İ, Şındak N, Özkurt G, İpek H, Biricik HS, Şahin T 2013. Effect of Ketamine-Xylazine Anesthesia on Some Hematological and Serum Biochemical Values of Bozova Greyhounds. The Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Harran 2(1): 27-31.
• Demirkan İ, Atalan G, Gökçe Hİ, Ozaydın İ, Celebi F 2002. Comparative Study of Butorphanol-Ketamin HCl and Xylazine-Ketamin HCl Combinations for Their Clinical and Cardiovascular/Respiratory Effects in Healthy Dogs. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 26: 1073-1079.
• Flecknell P (1996). Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia,2nd edn. London: Academic Press.
• Gao M, Rejaei D, Liu H 2016. Ketamine use in current clinical practice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 37: 865–872.
• Gülanber EG, Baştan A, Tasal I, Aktas M, Arıkan N 2001. General Anesthesia in dogs with midazolam and ketamine. Acta Vet Eurasia 27(2): 401-409.
• Hall LW, Clarke K 1991. Opioid analgesics. In: Veterinary Anaesthesia. Philadelphia, USA. Bailliere Tindall, 64-72, ISBN 0-70-20-1421-4.
• Hashemnia M, Javedani M, Nikoosafat Z, Abdoli Jamoor S 2018. Study of Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Changes Due to Long-Term Administration of Ketamine in Rat. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 17 (7): 639-56.
• Jonkman K, Dahan A, Donk TV, Aarts L, Niesters M, Velzen MV 2017. Ketamine for pain. F1000 Research, F1000 Faculty Rev-1711.
• Kohrs R, Durieux ME 1998. Ketamine: Teaching an Old Drug New Tricks. Anesth Analg 87(5):1186-1193.
• Lelovas P, Stasinopoulou M, Balafas E, Nikita M, Siskos N, Kostomitsopoulos N 2018. Valuation of three different anesthetic protocols on complete blood count and biochemical parameters on Wistar rats. J Hell Vet Med Soc 68(4): 587-598.
• Liu Y, Lin D, Wu B, Zhou W 2016. Ketamine abuse potential and use disorder. Brain Res Bul 126:68–73.
• Lodge D, Mercier MS 2015. Ketamine and phencyclidine: the good, the bad and the unexpected. Br J Pharmacol 172(17): 4254–4276.
• Stoelting RK 1999. Nonbarbiturate induction drugs. In: Pharmacology and Physiology in Anaesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, Lippencott, Raven, pp. 140-157.
• Tobias TA, Schertel ER 1992. Shock: concepts and managements. In: Fluid Therapy in Small Animal Practice. Ed. S.P. DiBartola. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company, 436-470.
• Tremoleda JL, Kerton A, Gsell W 2012. Anesthesia and physiological monitoring during in vivo imaging of laboratory rodents: considerations on experimental outcomes and animal welfare. EJNMMI Res 2: 44.
• Yohannes G 2018. Hematological and Physiological Effects of Ketamine with and without Xylazine in Dogs. Int J cell Sci & mol biol 5:555-654.