A Comparative Analysis of UAV-RTK and UAV-PPK Methods in Mapping Different Surface Types

Remzi Eker; Ece Alkan; Abdurrahim Aydın

doi:10.33904/ejfe.938067

EN

A Comparative Analysis of UAV-RTK and UAV-PPK Methods in Mapping Different Surface Types

Abstract

This study aimed to compare unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based real-time kinematic (RTK) and post-processing kinematic (PPK) methods via five approaches: an RTK-CORS method (M1), a short-baseline PPK method obtaining corrections from a GNSS base station (M2), and three long-baseline PPK methods that obtained corrections from the three Turkish RTK-CORS network TUSAGA-Aktif reference stations (M3: IZMI, M4: CESM, and M5: KIKA). The comparison was based on the accuracy of the corrected camera positions, the average error of the camera locations computed in the photo-alignment and optimization process, georeferencing errors of the models via nine GCPs based on four scenarios, and Root Mean Square (RMS) errors in the Z-direction for different surface types (i.e. roads, shadows, shrubs, boulders, trees, and ground). For the surface types of “ground”, “roads”, and “shrubs”, RMS error rates were obtained 10 cm lower than that of other surface types in all methods except M4. The greatest differences were obtained over trees and shadowed areas. The conclusion of these comparisons was that the lowest RMS error rate was determined on a solid textured surface. The consideration of mean RMS error regardless of surface type in such model comparisons is misleading.

Keywords

Accuracy comparison , GNSS , Photogrammetry , RTK/PPK , Surface Types , UAV

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Remzi Eker ^*
0000-0002-9322-9634
Türkiye

Ece Alkan
0000-0002-1942-313X
Türkiye

Abdurrahim Aydın
0000-0002-6572-3395
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2021

Submission Date

May 16, 2021

Acceptance Date

June 17, 2021

Published in Issue

Year 2021 Volume: 7 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.938067

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA67SD73WK

APA

Eker, R., Alkan, E., & Aydın, A. (2021). A Comparative Analysis of UAV-RTK and UAV-PPK Methods in Mapping Different Surface Types. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 7(1), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.938067