The Negative Effects of Climate Change on Food Production in Europe

Food production is the source of human existence and growth and is known to be affected by global warming. Climate change significantly impacts crop yields, mainly the increased frequency of extreme climate events. Unpredictable crop output losses put our food systems at serious risk, endangering farmers and consumers everywhere. The continent of Europe is extremely sensitive to the rise in temperature brought on by climate change. Climate change forecasts throughout several European locations show consistent warming over the twenty-first century. Reducing the length of the crop-growing cycle brought on by rising temperatures is expected to result in a considerable decline in grain yield between 2050 and 2099. The average annual temperature in Europe has increased during the last three decades, while precipitation has decreased. The European Union's (EU) severe drought is thought to have reduced maize, soybean, and sunflower yields by 16%, 15%, and 12%, respectively, because most cereals are vulnerable to inadequate water as the temperature rises and an increased heat supply. Wheat exports are completely reduced when weather-related shocks or other occurrences cause disruptions in European wheat production; excessive humidity overstimulates vegetation growth, creating denser canopies and increasing the risk of plant epidemics. This review highlights how climate change negatively affects food production in Europe.