Electrochemical paracetamol detection using disposable pencil graphite electrodes

Gülşah Çongur

doi:10.55971/EJLS.1716168

Electrochemical paracetamol detection using disposable pencil graphite electrodes

Abstract

Paracetamol (Par) is a widely consumed antipyretic and analgesic drug. Its global use to reduce or prevent fever is increasing day by day, especially after the pandemic era. It has been detected in natural water resources and has emerged as a potential water contaminant.Therefore, the development of miniaturized detection platforms for the detection of Par has become an attractive topic. Herein, a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was used in combination with the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique for the detection of Par. A passive adsorption strategy was implemented for the immobilization of Par molecules prepared in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.40) on the PGE surface. Then, voltammetric measurements were performed. The experimental parameters were optimized according to the changes in the Par oxidation signal observed at +0.325V. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were calculated as 7.06 µg/mL and 23.56 µg/mL, respectively, in the linear concentration range as 10-40 µg/mL using electrochemically pre-treated PGEs and a 30 min immobilization time. Finally, the greenness level of the proposed method was calculated as 0.77 using Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach and Software (AGREE). The voltammetric detection of Par could be performed using just 100 µL Par sample for < 30 s.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Analytical Chemistry (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gülşah Çongur ^*
0000-0002-0599-0993
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

October 23, 2025

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

June 9, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 18, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 4 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.55971/EJLS.1716168

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA78ST35YU

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Çongur, G. (2025). Electrochemical paracetamol detection using disposable pencil graphite electrodes. European Journal of Life Sciences, 4(3), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.55971/EJLS.1716168

AMA

1.Çongur G. Electrochemical paracetamol detection using disposable pencil graphite electrodes. Eur J Life Sci. 2025;4(3):137-144. doi:10.55971/EJLS.1716168

Chicago

Çongur, Gülşah. 2025. “Electrochemical Paracetamol Detection Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes”. European Journal of Life Sciences 4 (3): 137-44. https://doi.org/10.55971/EJLS.1716168.

EndNote

Çongur G (December 1, 2025) Electrochemical paracetamol detection using disposable pencil graphite electrodes. European Journal of Life Sciences 4 3 137–144.

IEEE

[1]G. Çongur, “Electrochemical paracetamol detection using disposable pencil graphite electrodes”, Eur J Life Sci, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 137–144, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.55971/EJLS.1716168.

ISNAD

Çongur, Gülşah. “Electrochemical Paracetamol Detection Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes”. European Journal of Life Sciences 4/3 (December 1, 2025): 137-144. https://doi.org/10.55971/EJLS.1716168.

JAMA

1.Çongur G. Electrochemical paracetamol detection using disposable pencil graphite electrodes. Eur J Life Sci. 2025;4:137–144.

MLA

Çongur, Gülşah. “Electrochemical Paracetamol Detection Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes”. European Journal of Life Sciences, vol. 4, no. 3, Dec. 2025, pp. 137-44, doi:10.55971/EJLS.1716168.

Vancouver

1.Gülşah Çongur. Electrochemical paracetamol detection using disposable pencil graphite electrodes. Eur J Life Sci. 2025 Dec. 1;4(3):137-44. doi:10.55971/EJLS.1716168