Research Articles
Aim & Scope
EJLS accepts manuscripts in the following main research areas and sub-scientific research areas related to these areas.
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics
- Clinical and Medical Sciences
- Clinical Pharmacy
- Cosmetology
- Immunology
- Language and Speech Therapy
- Microbiology
- Molecular Biology
- Music Therapy
- Neuroscience
- Nutrition and Dietetics
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Pharmaceutical Botany
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Pharmaceutical Technology
- Pharmaceutical Toxicology
- Pharmacogenomics
- Pharmacognosy
- Pharmacology
- Pharmacy Management
- Sports Sciences
- Phytotherapy
Writing Rules
Submission
The publication language of the EJLS is English. Please perform spell and grammar check of the article. Authors, for whose native language is not English, are strongly encouraged to have their manuscript carefully edited prior to submission. Before submitting, all contributors must agree and sign the Copyright Transfer Form. The following three documents must be uploaded for article submission.
• Copyright Transfer Form (form available online)
• Title Page (template available online)
• Manuscript (template available online)
All articles should be submitted online, unless otherwise instructed by the editors. Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. After the submission, the manuscripts will be edited according to the EJLS submission format and authors may be requested for some corrections or for addition of any missing information. There is no submission or page charges for the EJLS.
The main article types are as follows:
Research Articles
The EJLS considers all original research articles provided that the work reports scientifically sound experiments and provides a substantial amount of new information. The main text of original articles should be structured according to the “Article Structure” title given below.
Review Articles
Review articles provide an overview of recent updates on the literature of any field within life sciences. Reviews prepared by authors who have extensive knowledge on a particular field and whose scientific background has been translated into a high volume of publications with a high citation potential are welcomed.
Short Communication
Short communications are suitable for the presentation of research that extends previously published research, including the reporting of additional controls and confirmatory results in other settings, as well as negative results. Short communications may be edited for clarity or length and may be subject to peer review at the editors' discretion. Short reports of research work will be peer reviewed.
Case Report
A case report describes a clinical case with an emphasis on the clinical situation and outcome in relation to an interventional procedure. This can be compared to a grand clinical round.
General Rules
All headings must be numbered consecutively and hierarchically. Please avoid using more than three levels of headings. The proposed location of figures and tables must be indicated in the main text. Within the article, avoid the use of footnotes and endnotes.
Symbols, abbreviations and conventions in papers must follow the recommended SI Units. A single space must be placed between the number and the unit. Abbreviations must be defined in brackets after their first mention in the text in accordance with internationally agreed rules.
Mathematical symbols and formulae must be typed in Microsoft Word and any other application or program must not be used. If necessary, they should also be numbered consecutively and uploaded separately in jpeg format. Equation numbers must be in parentheses and numbered consecutively. All equation numbers must appear on the right-hand side of the equation and must be referred to within the text.
Please use a decimal point rather than a comma in numbers (i.e. 3.142 not 3,142). Write numbers less than 1 as 0.54 not as .54. Report summary rather than raw data. Do not use “average”. Instead, specify which type of “average” you report (mean, median, mode, etc.). Present means and standard deviation/standard error in the format X ± SD/SE unit (i.e., mean body weight = 6.38 ± SD 1.29 kg). Present ranges as “range: 15-29”.
Figures and Tables
The total number of tables and figures must not exceed 10. If your figure is created in a Microsoft Office application then please upload the original document. Submit each figure as a separate file. Figures must have a minimum 300 dpi resolution. Figures should be properly sized and cropped according to the EJLS page format or column size.
Please do not supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); these typically have a low number of pixels and limited set of colors. Ensure that each figure has a caption with a figure number.
Submit tables as editable text in Microsoft Word, not as images. Table headings should be given above the table and written in sentence case. Please avoid using vertical borders. Ensure that each table has a caption with a table number.
Style
Check out the EJLS manuscript template for detailed information. All manuscripts must be uploaded in editable Microsoft Word format with separately added figures/table files. Do not mix different font styles in text and figures/tables. Use Times New Roman Font with 12-point font size in text and 10 point in tables. Use 1.5 line spacing, do not leave extra space between paragraphs. Preferably use left and right justified text, do not use any right or left identation. Use clear black text on a white background. All pages must be numbered consecutively.
Plagiarism
All submissions are screened by a similarity detection software (iThenticate by CrossCheck) at any point during the peer-review or production process. Even if you are the author of the phrases or sentences, the text should not have unacceptable similarity with the previously published data.
Article Structure
Research Papers should be organized as follows: Title, Author names and affiliations, Corresponding author information, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusion, Author contributions, Acknowledgments (if any), Ethics committee approval (if necessary), Conflict of interest declaration, References. These rules are a bit more flexible in review articles.
Title
A concise and informative title is required. Do not use any abbreviations and formulae in the title of the manuscript. The title of the manuscript must be written in sentence case except for the first word and proper nouns.
Author Names and Affiliations
Indicate clearly the name(s) and surname(s) of each author. Present the authors' affiliation addresses below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a superscript number.
Corresponding Author Information
Indicate clearly who will handle correspondence at all stages of publication. Corresponding Author details including name, complete address, phone, fax, and e-mail must be added. The first author will be considered as the corresponding author when no corresponding author is assigned.
Abstract
A concise and factual abstract of maximum 250 words is required. The abstract should state the purpose of the research, the experimental studies, the principal results and the major conclusions. Do not cite any references and do not use any abbreviations in the abstract.
Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, maximum 5 keywords should be stated in alphabetical order. Keywords must be carefully selected to facilitate the readers’ search. The keywords should be listed in full without abbreviations.
Introduction
The introduction section of the articles (particularly research articles) should include the following topics;
• establish current knowledge of the field,
• summarize previous research, providing the wider context and background and the importance of the current study,
• set the stage for the present research, indicating gaps in knowledge and presenting the research question,
• introduce present research, stating its purpose and outlining its design.
Material and Methods
The Methods should describe clearly how you carried out your study. Provide sufficient details such as study design and data collection to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference.
Results and Discussion
A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate; but optionally can be written separately. Provide a concise and precise description of the all experimental data, their interpretation as well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn. Discussion should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. The P values and/or the specific statistical tests performed for each experiment should be included to the results and discussion section in the appropriate figure legend or main text. Results should include the name of the statistical test, followed by a colon, the test statistic and its value, degrees of freedom or sample size (depending on which is most appropriate for that test), and the P value, with indication if it is one-or two-tailed (unless you address this issue in the methods).
Conclusion
The conclusion section of the articles (particularly research articles) should include the following topics;
• principles, relationships, and generalizations inferred from the results (but not a repetition of the results),
• any exceptions to or problems with those principles, relationships, and generalizations, as indicated by the results
• agreements or disagreements with previously published work,
• theoretical implications and possible practical applications of the work,
• conclusions drawn (especially regarding significance).
Author Contributions
Articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used:
Concept, Design, Supervision, Materials, Data Collection and/or Processing, Analysis and/or Interpretation, Literature Search, Writing, Critical Reviews. Initials of the contributing authors (i.e. AA, BB) should be given after these specified titles and all of them must be filled.
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments should include sources of support, grants, disclaimers, names of those who contributed but are not authors, etc. The names of funding organizations should be written in full. If no funding or help has been provided for the research, please include the “None” statement.
Conflict of Interest Declaration
All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence their work. If no conflict exists, the authors should include the “The authors declare no conflict of interest.” statement under this section.
Ethics Committee Approval
When reporting experiments conducted with humans indicate that the procedures were in accordance with ethical standards set forth by the committee that oversees human experimentation. Approval of research protocols by the relevant ethics committee, in accordance with international agreements.
Helsinki Declaration of 1964, revised 2013 available at
https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/
Guide for the Care and use of Laboratory Animals available at
www.nap.edu/catalog/5140.html
is required for all experimental, clinical, and drug studies. Patient names, initials, and hospital identification numbers should not be used. Manuscripts reporting the results of experimental investigations conducted with humans must state that the study protocol received institutional review board approval and that the participants provided informed consent.
References
Citation in text must be numbered as [1] or [1-5]. Please ensure that each reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list. References should be accurate and numbered sequentially [in square brackets] in the text and listed in the same numerical order in the reference section with the DOI link. All authors must be cited and there should be no use of the phrase et al. No references should be given for the abstract section. Date of access should be provided for online citations.
See below few examples of references listed in the EJLS style.
Journal
1. Osmaniye D, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Synthesis and characterization of new piperazine-dithiocarbamate compounds as potent MAO-A inhibitors. Eur J Life Sci. (2022); 1(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.55971/EJLS.1089254
2. Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ. Structural and chemical biology of the interaction of cyclooxygenase with substrates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Chem Rev. (2020);120(15):7592-7641. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00215
3. Krammer, F. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development. Nature. (2020);586:516–527. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2798-3
Book
4. Wilson CG, Crowley PJ. Controlled release in oral drug delivery. New York: Springer; (2011). ISBN:978-1-4614-1003-4
Book Chapter
5. Ağalar HG. Chapter 7 - Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. and urinary tract infections. In: Atta-ur-Rahman, editor. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier; (2022). p. 267-288. ISBN:978-0-323-91250-1
6. Verma R, Raj S, Berry U, Ranjith-Kumar CT, Surjit M. Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 Therapy: Pipeline, Current Status and Challenges. In: Sobti RC, Lal SK, Goyal RK, editors. Drug Repurposing for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Cancer. Singapore: Springer; (2023). p. 451–478.
ISBN: 978-981-19-5398-9
Patent
7. Wong HL, Narvekar M, Xue HY, inventors; Temple University, assignee. Nanospheres for therapeutic agent delivery. United States patent no 9724304. (2017).
8. Yılmaz N, Altıntop MD, Akalın Çiftçi G, Sever B, inventors; Anadolu University, assignee. New triazole and triazolothiadiazine derivatives exerting cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on A549 cells through Akt inhibition. Turkish patent no 2020/10296. (2022).
Thesis
9. Arora HC. Doxorubicin-Nanocarriers Enhance Doxorubicin Uptake and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Drug-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells [Ph.D.]. Illinois: Northwestern University; (2012).
10. Finn NA. Role of redox systems in doxorubicin metabolism and doxorubicin-mediated cell signaling: a computational analysis [Ph.D.]. Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology; (2011).
Conference Proceedings
11. Altıntop MD, Temel HE, Özdemir A. A series of imidazole derivatives as new anticholinesterase agents. 13th International Conference on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases (ADPD 2017); March 29-April 2, 2017; Vienna-Austria.
Website
12. World Health Organization (2023, February 11). Cholera – Global situation. Retrieved April 4, 2023, from https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON437
Ethical Principles and Publication Policy
Plagiarism
EJLS Editors are obliged to be accountable for all kinds of procedures they engage within the context of publishing the journal. The editors should act in a balanced, objective and fair way while carrying out their expected duties, without discrimination on grounds of gender, sexual orientation, religious or political beliefs, ethnic or geographical origin of the authors. The Editors should strive to meet the needs of readers and authors and to constantly improve the journal.
• The Editor should hold authors to a high standard with regard to the citation of appropriate literature, emphasizing the use of initial, peer-reviewed references whenever possible.
• The Editor is responsible for deciding which of the papers submitted to the journal should be published.
• If one of the editors is an author in any manuscript, the editor is excluded from the manuscript evaluation process. In order to prevent any conflict of interest, the article evaluation process is carried out as double-blinded.
• The Editor may reject a manuscript if it is deemed to be (a) out of scope or format; (b) of poor quality; or (c) of inadequate significance.
• The Editor should endeavor to select reviewers who possess appropriate expertise and exercise sound judgment. All manuscripts are generally submitted to at least 2 independent reviewers. Supplementary material may be included to facilitate the review process. The Editor then should ensure that the reviewers understand their responsibilities, including those regarding confidentiality and the timely preparation of an unbiased review.
• The members of the Editorial Board are responsible for ensuring that the journal publishes high-quality research that falls within its scope and objectives.
• The members of the Editorial Board will usually be called upon for advice when there is disagreement among reviewers or between reviewers and authors, or when the editors feel that the manuscript has not received adequate consideration by the reviewers.
• The Editor should provide the corresponding author with a copy of the reviewers’ comments regarding a manuscript. Before forwarding a reviewer’s comments to an author, the Editor may delete any inappropriately harsh language or personal attacks included in the review.
• The Editor should correct errors in a manuscript if they are detected before publication or publish corrections if they are detected afterwards. All notices of correction or retraction must be published prominently in the journal in which the original report appeared and contain the full bibliographic reference to the original article or abstract. It should also be listed in the contents page and be prominently labeled (e.g., erratum, retraction, or apologia).
• The Editor should handle submissions for sponsored supplements or special issues in the same way as other submissions, so that articles are considered and accepted solely on their academic merit and without commercial influence.
• The Editor and the members of the Editorial Board must not disclose any information about a submitted paper to anyone other than the authors of the paper, reviewers, potential reviewers, and the publisher, as appropriate.
• In the case where authors have a conflict of interest, the Editor may request that the authors include a statement to this effect in the manuscript before it can be reviewed or accepted for publication.
• Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted paper will not be used in the own research of the Editor or the members of the Editorial Board without the express written consent of the author.
• The Editor should adopt and follow reasonable procedures in the event of complaints of an ethical or conflict nature, in accordance with the policies and procedures of the Journal where appropriate to give authors a reasonable opportunity to respond to any complaints. All complaints should be investigated no matter when the original publication was approved. Documentation associated with any such complaints should be retained.
• The Editors will be guided by the COPE flowcharts if there is suspected misconduct or disputed authorship.
Reviewers’ Responsibilities
EJLS selects reviewers based on their expertise in the relevant field of study, as well as their experience and reputation as researchers and scholars. Reviewers for EJLS are responsible for thoroughly evaluating manuscripts assigned in a timely and professional manner. This includes evaluating the research methodology, assessing the clarity and organization of the manuscript, identifying potential biases and limitations, and providing constructive feedback to authors. Reviewers are also expected to maintain confidentiality and to avoid conflicts of interest or bias in their evaluation of manuscripts. EJLS expects reviewers to provide constructive feedback to authors that is specific, actionable, and aimed at improving the quality of the manuscript. Reviewers are expected to provide feedback that is respectful, professional, and objective, and to avoid personal attacks or unconstructive criticism.
The roles of reviewers’
• A reviewer should provide written, unbiased, constructive feedback in a timely manner on the scholarly merits and the scientific value of the work.
• A reviewer should indicate whether the writing is clear, concise, and relevant and rating the work’s composition, scientific accuracy, originality, and interest to the journal’s readers.
• A reviewer should avoide personal comments or criticism.
• A reviewer should maintain the confidentiality of the review process: not sharing, discussing with third parties, or disclosing information from the reviewed paper.
• A reviewer should notify the Editor immediately if unable to review in a timely manner.
• A reviewer should alert the Editor about any potential personal, financial or perceived conflict of interest and declining to review when a conflict exists.
• A reviewer should comply with the Editor’s written instructions on the Journal’s expectations for the scope, content, and quality of the review.
• A reviewer should provide a thoughtful, fair, constructive, and informative critique of the submitted work, which may include supplementary material provided to the Journal by the author.
• A reviewer should determine scientific merit, originality, and scope of the work; indicating ways to improve it.
• A reviewer should notice any ethical concerns, such as any violation of accepted norms of ethical treatment of animal or human subjects or substantial similarity between the reviewed manuscript and any published paper or any manuscript concurrently submitted to another journal that may be known to the reviewer.
• A reviewer should ensure that the methods and analysis are adequately detailed to allow the reader to judge the scientific merit of the study design and be able to replicate the study.
• A reviewer should ensure that the article cites relevant studies by other scientists.
The ethical responsibilities of reviewers’
• Material under review should not be shared or discussed with anyone outside the review process unless necessary and approved by the Editor.
• Reviewer comments should acknowledge the positive aspects of the material under review, identify negative aspects constructively, and indicate the improvements needed.
• A reviewer should explain and support his/ her judgment clearly enough that Editors and Authors can understand the basis of the comments. The reviewer should ensure that a previously reported observation or argument is accompanied by a relevant citation and should immediately alert the editor when he/she becomes aware of duplicate publication.
• A reviewer should respect the intellectual independence of the author.
• A reviewer who realizes that his/her expertise on the subject of the manuscript is limited has a responsibility to make their degree of competence clear to the Editor.
• Reviewer comments and conclusions should be based on an objective and impartial consideration of the facts, exclusive of personal or professional bias. All comments by reviewers should be based solely on the paper’s scientific merit, originality, and quality of writing as well as on the relevance to the journal’s aim & scope, without regard to race, ethnic origin, sex, religion, or citizenship of the authors.
• Potential reviewers who are concerned that they have a substantial conflict of interest should decline the request to review and/or discuss their concerns with the Editor.
• Reviewers are responsible for acting promptly, adhering to the instructions for completing a review, and submitting it in a timely manner.
Authors’ Responsibilities
To maintain the credibility and integrity of a research, all authors must follow the rules of good scientific practice and fulfil the following responsibilities:
• Authorship should be based on the four criteria recommended by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).
• The corresponding author is responsible for communicating with the journal during manuscript submission, peer review, and publication process. The corresponding author should ensure that all authors are included in the paper, and that all authors have approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the Editor(s).
• Author(s) should decide the order of authorship prior to writing the paper to avoid future conflicts.
• The individual contribution of each author to the paper should be declared in the Author Contribution section.
• Author(s) should not fabricate or manipulate the data.
• Author(s) should avoid plagiarism and give proper acknowledgment to other works.
• Author(s) should avoid ghost/gift/guest authorship.
• Author(s) should declare conflicts of interest.
• Author(s) should declare whether research work has been published or presented before.
• Author(s) should not submit the manuscript to more than one journal for simultaneous consideration.
• If author(s) detect a significant error or inaccuracy in their paper, they should promptly notify the Editor(s) about this error or inaccuracy. Author(s) should cooperate with the Editor(s) to publish an erratum, addendum, corrigendum notice, or to retract the paper where this is deemed necessary.
• Author(s) should get ethics committee approval for clinical and experimental studies on humans and animals that require an ethics committee decision. Author(s) should ensure that the paper contains a statement that all procedures have been carried out in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and have been approved by the appropriate institutional committee(s). This statement should contain the name of the institutional committee, the date and the reference number of the ethical approval(s).
• If the work involves the use of human subjects, author(s) should ensure that the work described has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans. The manuscript should be in line with the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals and aim for the inclusion of representative human populations (sex, age and ethnicity) as per those recommendations.
• For all studies that use human organs or tissues, authors should provide sufficient evidence that they have been procured in line with WHO Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation. The source of the organs or tissues used in clinical research should be transparent and traceable.
• All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines and should be performed in accordance with the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines, EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, or the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the authors should clearly indicate in the paper that such guidelines have been followed. The sex of animals should be indicated, and where appropriate, the influence (or association) of sex on the results of the work.
• When uploading a revised version of the article, the corresponding author should submit “Responses to Reviewers” stating point by point how each issue raised by the reviewers has been addressed. Each change made in the main document should be highlighted with red color.
• After acceptance and plagiarism check, the corresponding author will receive an e-mail with a link to our proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor(s).
Price Policy
Processing and publication in European Journal of Life Sciences are free of charge.
