Turkish Adaptation of Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire: The Validity and Reliability Study

Nimet Hazal Emlik; Hakan Sarıçam

Turkish Adaptation of Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire: The Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

The present study aimed to adapt the Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire developed by Bhatti et al. (2023) to Turkish culture and to examine its psychometric properties. The study sample consisted of 400 adults, including 153 men and 247 women. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the 14-item Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire, the 6-item The Resilience Scale, and the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. In the first stage of construct validity testing, an Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a two-factor structure consistent with the original scale. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was .95, and Bartlett’s test of Sphericity was significant (χ² = 4090.50). In the second stage, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted, and after one modification, the model demonstrated good fit indices (CMIN/df = 3.97, SRMR = .046, CFI = .94, GFI = .90, IFI = .94, RFI = .91, TLI = .93). Factor loadings ranged from .67 to .88 for the Loss of Self-trust dimension and from .69 to .84 for the Peer Disagreement dimension. The Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire showed significant correlations with the Resilience Scale, Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Scales (r = –.54, .53, .44, and .50, respectively; p < .01). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients indicated high internal consistency: α = .88 for Loss of Self-trust, α = .93 for Peer Disagreement, and α = .95 for the overall scale. Corrected item–total correlations ranged from .67 to .80, supporting the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the scale. The results were interpreted and discussed in the context of existing literature.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No

Project Number

No

Ethical Statement

The study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Sivas Cumhuriyet University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (decision no: 2023/03-49).

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Psychiatry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Nimet Hazal Emlik
0009-0009-7579-2755
Türkiye

Hakan Sarıçam ^*
0000-0002-8723-1199
Türkiye

Publication Date

April 30, 2026

Submission Date

January 4, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 21, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 11 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA23ZF26UB

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Emlik, N. H., & Sarıçam, H. (2026). Turkish Adaptation of Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire: The Validity and Reliability Study. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Health Sciences, 11(1), 25-32. https://izlik.org/JA23ZF26UB

AMA

1.Emlik NH, Sarıçam H. Turkish Adaptation of Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire: The Validity and Reliability Study. Eur J Multidiscip Health Sci. 2026;11(1):25-32. https://izlik.org/JA23ZF26UB

Chicago

Emlik, Nimet Hazal, and Hakan Sarıçam. 2026. “Turkish Adaptation of Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire: The Validity and Reliability Study”. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Health Sciences 11 (1): 25-32. https://izlik.org/JA23ZF26UB.

EndNote

Emlik NH, Sarıçam H (April 1, 2026) Turkish Adaptation of Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire: The Validity and Reliability Study. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Health Sciences 11 1 25–32.

IEEE

[1]N. H. Emlik and H. Sarıçam, “Turkish Adaptation of Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire: The Validity and Reliability Study”, Eur J Multidiscip Health Sci, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 25–32, Apr. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA23ZF26UB

ISNAD

Emlik, Nimet Hazal - Sarıçam, Hakan. “Turkish Adaptation of Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire: The Validity and Reliability Study”. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Health Sciences 11/1 (April 1, 2026): 25-32. https://izlik.org/JA23ZF26UB.

JAMA

1.Emlik NH, Sarıçam H. Turkish Adaptation of Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire: The Validity and Reliability Study. Eur J Multidiscip Health Sci. 2026;11:25–32.

MLA

Emlik, Nimet Hazal, and Hakan Sarıçam. “Turkish Adaptation of Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire: The Validity and Reliability Study”. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Health Sciences, vol. 11, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 25-32, https://izlik.org/JA23ZF26UB.

Vancouver

1.Nimet Hazal Emlik, Hakan Sarıçam. Turkish Adaptation of Victim Gaslighting Questionnaire: The Validity and Reliability Study. Eur J Multidiscip Health Sci [Internet]. 2026 Apr. 1;11(1):25-32. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA23ZF26UB