Intentional vs. incidental vocabulary learning

Abstract

This paper explores the distinction between intentional and incidental vocabulary learning and
analyses statistically their effects on Saudi ESL learners’ ability to understand, retain and use
new words actively in different situations. Two types of tests such as Standard Confirmation
Test and a Contrastive Extempore Test of intentional & incidental types were given to twenty
students at graduate level at JCC, Jeddah, KAU. Standard confirmation test determined a
close homogeneity of all selected learners. The final test aimed at striking a contrast between
the performance levels of both intentional &incidental vocabulary types. The homogenous
learners were divided into two equal groups. Fifty new words were the same for both groups
but framed in two different styles: intentional and incidental. The statistical data analysed
through tables and figures demonstrated that incidental type performed significantly better
than intentional type.

Keywords

• intentional & incidental vocabulary learning, contextual clues, guessing, inferring the meaning, statistical technique, extensive reading, cognitive process of learning