Research Article
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Pre-Service EFL Teachers’ Research Attitudes and Critical Thinking Dispositions

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 127 - 166, 23.12.2024

Abstract

Undergraduate-level students generally tend to have negative attitudes and feelings towards research-related courses, serving great obstacles to learning. Some of the factors that determine students' engagement in research might be their attitudes towards research and critical thinking dispositions. As there is little research on whether research engagement has an impact on students' attitudes and critical thinking dispositions this descriptive study explored if engaging in research within the scope of an undergraduate research methodology course had any effect on the pre-service English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ research attitudes and critical thinking dispositions. Thus, fourteen pre-service EFL teachers from a state university in Türkiye participated in this study. This study adopted a quantitative research design, where data were elicited via two scales, an attitude towards research scale and a critical thinking dispositions scale. Findings described the change in pre-service teachers’ attitudes and critical thinking dispositions after research engagement. Overall, it was found that participants’ attitudes and critical thinking dispositions did not experience a significant change. Although they found research useful, they had high levels of research anxiety even after research engagement. On the other hand, they had low levels of positive research dispositions; however, it increased slightly after the engagement.

Ethical Statement

This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and guidelines of the Sakarya University Educational Research and Publication Ethics Committee. All participants gave informed consent and their anonymity and confidentiality were maintained throughout the study. This study had no known risks to the participants. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding this study.

References

  • Akyel, A. (2015). Research engagement in the EFL pre-service practicum. Language in Focus, 1(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1515/lifijsal-2015-0001
  • Atak-Damar, E., & Salı, P. (2022). Pre-service EFL teachers as future professionals and researchers. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(3), 763-784. https://doi.org/10.19171/uefad.1171718
  • Atay D. (2006). Teachers’ professional development: Partnerships in research. TESL-EJ, 10(2), 1-14. https://www.tesl-ej.org/pdf/ej38/a8.pdf
  • Atay, D. (2008). Teacher research for professional development. ELT Journal, 62(2), 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccl053
  • Bahrami, V., & Hosseini, M. (2023). Individual differences in teacher research involvement? Factoring in language teachers’ big five personality traits and motivation to conduct research. Journal of Teacher Education, 74(1), 85-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224871221105799 Borg, S. (2007). Research engagement in English language teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(5), 731-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.03.012
  • Borg, S. (2009). English language teachers’ conceptions of research. Applied Linguistics, 30(3), 358-388. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amp007
  • Borg, S. (2010). Language teacher research engagement. Language Teaching, 43(4), 391-429. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444810000170
  • Brew, A. (2013). Understanding the scope of undergraduate research: A framework for curricular and pedagogical decision-making. Higher Education, 66, 603–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9624-x
  • Cabaroglu, N. (2014). Professional development through action research: Impact on self-efficacy. System, 44, 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2014.03.003
  • Chamizo, J. A., & García-Franco, A. (2013). Heuristics diagrams as a tool to formatively assess teachers’ research. Teachers and Teaching, 19(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2013.741841
  • Chen, C. C., & Swan, K. (2020). Using innovative and scientifically-based debate to build e-learning community. Online Learning, 24(3), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v24i3.2345 Cochran-Smith, M., & Lytle, S. (1993). Inside/outside: Teacher research and knowledge. Teachers College Press.
  • Cochran-Smith, M., & Lytle, S. L. (1999). The teacher research movement: A decade later. Educational Researcher, 28(7), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X028007015
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge.
  • Damşa, C. I., & Nerland, M. (2016). Student learning through participation in inquiry activities: Two case studies in teacher and computer engineering education. Vocations and Learning, 9(3), 275–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-016-9152-9
  • Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/effective-teacher-professional-development-report
  • Davies, M. (2015). A model of critical thinking in higher education. In Michael B. Paulsen (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (pp. 41-92). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12835-1_2
  • Ennis, R. H. (1985). A logical basis for measuring critical thinking skills. Educational Leadership, 43(2), 44-48. Facione, P. (1990). Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction (The Delphi Report).
  • Facione, P. A. (2000). The disposition toward critical thinking: Its character, measurement, and relationship to critical thinking skill. Informal Logic, 20(1), 61-84. https://doi.org/10.22329/il.v20i1.2254
  • Facione, P. A., Sánchez, C. A., Facione, N. C., & Gainen, J. (1995). The disposition toward critical thinking. The Journal of General Education, 44(1), 1-25.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley.
  • Fisher, K. (2003). Demystifying critical reflection: Defining criteria for assessment. Higher Education Research & Development, 22(3), 313–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/0729436032000145167
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2022). How to design and evaluate research in education (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Given, L. M. (Ed.). (2008). The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. Sage Publications.
  • Guilbert, D., Lane, R., & Van Bergen, P. (2016). Understanding student engagement with research: A study of pre-service teachers’ research perceptions, research experience, and motivation. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 44(2), 172-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2015.1070118
  • Halpern, D. F. (1998). Teaching critical thinking for transfer across domains: Dispositions, skills, structure training, and metacognitive monitoring. American Psychologist, 53(4), 449- 455. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.4.449
  • Harrell, M., & Wetzel, D. (2015). Using argument diagramming to teach critical thinking in a first-year writing course. In M. Davies & R. Barnett (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of critical thinking in higher education (pp. 213-232). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hosseini, M., Bahrami, V., & Dikilitaş, K. (2024). From research reading and doing to research use: Tracking trajectories of becoming research-informed second language teachers. System, 125, 103445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103445
  • Kennedy, M. M. (1999). The role of preservice teacher education. In L. Darling-Hammond & G. Sykes, (Eds), Teaching as the learning profession: Handbook of policy and practice (pp. 54-86). Jossey Bass.
  • Lai, E. R. (2011). Critical thinking: A literature review. Pearson's Research Reports, 6(1), 40-41. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=b42cffa5a2ad63a31fcf99869e7cb8ef72b44374
  • Lombard, B. J. J., & Kloppers, M. (2015). Undergraduate student teachers’ views and experiences of a compulsory course in research methods. South African Journal of Education, 35(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.15700/201503070032
  • Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2022). Second language research: Methodology and design (3rd ed). Routledge.
  • Müjdeci, S. (2020). Student teachers of English as researchers: Beliefs, attitudes, and practices [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Gazi University.
  • Özgenel, M., & Çetin, M. (2018). Development of the Marmara critical thinking dispositions scale: Validity and reliability analysis. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 9(32), 991-1015.
  • Papanastasiou, E. C. (2005). Factor structure of the “Attitudes Toward Research” scale. Statistics Education Research Journal, 4(1), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v4i1.523
  • Papanastasiou, E. C. (2014). Revised-Attitudes Toward Research Scale (R-ATR): A first look at its psychometric properties. Journal of Research in Education, 24(2), 146-159.
  • Roulston, K., Legette, R., Deloach, M., & Pitman, C. B. (2005). What is ‘research’ for teacher-researchers? Educational Action Research, 13(2), 169-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650790500200283
  • Savasci, M., & Rets, I. (2021). “As the Twig is bent, so is the Tree Inclined”: Research engagement among pre-service EFL teachers. Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, 11(2), 114-137. https://www.jltl.com.tr/index.php/jltl/article/view/353/159
  • Savasci, M., & Atar, C. (2024). Metaphorically speaking: Pre-service EFL teachers' understanding and conceptions of (teacher) research. Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, 14(1), 24-51. https://www.jltl.com.tr/index.php/jltl/article/view/554
  • Sato, M. (2023). Navigating the research–practice relationship: Professional goals and constraints. Language Teaching, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444823000423
  • Sato, M., & Loewen, S. (2022). The research–practice dialogue in second language learning and teaching: Past, present, and future. The Modern Language Journal, 106(3), 509-527. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12791
  • Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Basic Books.
  • Sosu, E. M. (2013). The development and psychometric validation of a Critical Thinking Disposition Scale. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 9, 107-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2012.09.002
  • Spronken‐Smith, R., & Walker, R. (2010). Can inquiry‐based learning strengthen the links between teaching and disciplinary research? Studies in Higher Education, 35(6), 723–740. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070903315502
  • Stenhouse, L. (1975). An introduction to curriculum research and development. Heinemann Educational.
  • Suter, W. N. (2012). Introduction to educational research: A critical thinking approach (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • Tanış, S. (2019). Research engagement in and beyond pre-service teacher education: A case study of an English language teacher education program in Turkey [Unpublished master's thesis]. Middle East Technical University. https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/45457
  • Ulvik, M. (2014). Student-teachers doing action research in their practicum: Why and how?. Educational Action Research, 22(4), 518-533. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2014.918901
  • UNESCO https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387400/PDF/387400eng.pdf.multi United Nations. (n.d.). 4-Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal4
  • Van der Linden, W. (2012). A design-based approach to introducing student teachers in conducting and using research [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Eindhoven University of Technology.
  • Van der Linden, W., Bakx, A., Ros, A., Beijaard, D., & Van den Bergh, L. (2015). The development of student teachers’ research knowledge, beliefs and attitude. Journal of Education for Teaching, 41(1), 4-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2014.992631
  • Van Katwijk, L., Jansen, E., & Van Veen, K. (2021). Pre-service teacher research: A way to future-proof teachers?. European Journal of Teacher Education, 46(3), 435-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2021.1928070
  • Vansteenkiste, M., Sierens, E., Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., & Lens, W. (2009). Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: The quality of motivation matters. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101(3), 671. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015083
  • Vogel, T., & Wanke, M. (2016). Attitudes and attitude change (2nd ed.). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315754185
  • Wang, D., & Jia, Q. (2023). Twenty years of research development on teachers’ critical thinking: Current status and future implications——A bibliometric analysis of research articles collected in WOS. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 48, 101252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101252
  • Waters, L. K., Martelli, T. A., Zakrajsek, T., & Popovich, P. M. (1988). Attitudes toward statistics: An evaluation of multiple measures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48(2), 513-516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164488482026
  • Wise, S. L. (1985). The development and validation of a scale measuring attitudes toward statistics. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(2), 401-405. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316448504500226 Wyatt, M., & Dikilitaş, K. (2015). English language teachers becoming more efficacious through research engagement at their Turkish university. Educational Action Research, 24(4), 550-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2015.1076731
  • Yuan, R., Yang, M., & Stapleton, P. (2020). Enhancing undergraduates’ critical thinking through research engagement: A practitioner research approach. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 38, 100737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100737
  • Zimbardo, P., & Ebbesen, E. B. (1970). Influencing attitudes and changing behavior: A basic introduction to relevant methodology, theory, and applications. Addison-Wesley.
Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 127 - 166, 23.12.2024

Abstract

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu'nun etik standartlarına ve yönergelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Tüm katılımcılar bilgilendirilmiş onam vermiş ve çalışma boyunca anonimlikleri ve gizlilikleri korunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın katılımcılar için bilinen bir riski yoktur. Yazarlar bu çalışma ile ilgili olarak çıkar çatışması olmadığını beyan etmektedir.

Supporting Institution

Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Araştırmaları ve Yayın Etik Kurulu.

Thanks

Bu çalışmaya katılan katılımcılara katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Akyel, A. (2015). Research engagement in the EFL pre-service practicum. Language in Focus, 1(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1515/lifijsal-2015-0001
  • Atak-Damar, E., & Salı, P. (2022). Pre-service EFL teachers as future professionals and researchers. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(3), 763-784. https://doi.org/10.19171/uefad.1171718
  • Atay D. (2006). Teachers’ professional development: Partnerships in research. TESL-EJ, 10(2), 1-14. https://www.tesl-ej.org/pdf/ej38/a8.pdf
  • Atay, D. (2008). Teacher research for professional development. ELT Journal, 62(2), 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccl053
  • Bahrami, V., & Hosseini, M. (2023). Individual differences in teacher research involvement? Factoring in language teachers’ big five personality traits and motivation to conduct research. Journal of Teacher Education, 74(1), 85-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224871221105799 Borg, S. (2007). Research engagement in English language teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(5), 731-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.03.012
  • Borg, S. (2009). English language teachers’ conceptions of research. Applied Linguistics, 30(3), 358-388. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amp007
  • Borg, S. (2010). Language teacher research engagement. Language Teaching, 43(4), 391-429. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444810000170
  • Brew, A. (2013). Understanding the scope of undergraduate research: A framework for curricular and pedagogical decision-making. Higher Education, 66, 603–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9624-x
  • Cabaroglu, N. (2014). Professional development through action research: Impact on self-efficacy. System, 44, 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2014.03.003
  • Chamizo, J. A., & García-Franco, A. (2013). Heuristics diagrams as a tool to formatively assess teachers’ research. Teachers and Teaching, 19(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2013.741841
  • Chen, C. C., & Swan, K. (2020). Using innovative and scientifically-based debate to build e-learning community. Online Learning, 24(3), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v24i3.2345 Cochran-Smith, M., & Lytle, S. (1993). Inside/outside: Teacher research and knowledge. Teachers College Press.
  • Cochran-Smith, M., & Lytle, S. L. (1999). The teacher research movement: A decade later. Educational Researcher, 28(7), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X028007015
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge.
  • Damşa, C. I., & Nerland, M. (2016). Student learning through participation in inquiry activities: Two case studies in teacher and computer engineering education. Vocations and Learning, 9(3), 275–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-016-9152-9
  • Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/effective-teacher-professional-development-report
  • Davies, M. (2015). A model of critical thinking in higher education. In Michael B. Paulsen (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (pp. 41-92). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12835-1_2
  • Ennis, R. H. (1985). A logical basis for measuring critical thinking skills. Educational Leadership, 43(2), 44-48. Facione, P. (1990). Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction (The Delphi Report).
  • Facione, P. A. (2000). The disposition toward critical thinking: Its character, measurement, and relationship to critical thinking skill. Informal Logic, 20(1), 61-84. https://doi.org/10.22329/il.v20i1.2254
  • Facione, P. A., Sánchez, C. A., Facione, N. C., & Gainen, J. (1995). The disposition toward critical thinking. The Journal of General Education, 44(1), 1-25.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley.
  • Fisher, K. (2003). Demystifying critical reflection: Defining criteria for assessment. Higher Education Research & Development, 22(3), 313–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/0729436032000145167
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2022). How to design and evaluate research in education (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Given, L. M. (Ed.). (2008). The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. Sage Publications.
  • Guilbert, D., Lane, R., & Van Bergen, P. (2016). Understanding student engagement with research: A study of pre-service teachers’ research perceptions, research experience, and motivation. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 44(2), 172-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2015.1070118
  • Halpern, D. F. (1998). Teaching critical thinking for transfer across domains: Dispositions, skills, structure training, and metacognitive monitoring. American Psychologist, 53(4), 449- 455. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.4.449
  • Harrell, M., & Wetzel, D. (2015). Using argument diagramming to teach critical thinking in a first-year writing course. In M. Davies & R. Barnett (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of critical thinking in higher education (pp. 213-232). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hosseini, M., Bahrami, V., & Dikilitaş, K. (2024). From research reading and doing to research use: Tracking trajectories of becoming research-informed second language teachers. System, 125, 103445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103445
  • Kennedy, M. M. (1999). The role of preservice teacher education. In L. Darling-Hammond & G. Sykes, (Eds), Teaching as the learning profession: Handbook of policy and practice (pp. 54-86). Jossey Bass.
  • Lai, E. R. (2011). Critical thinking: A literature review. Pearson's Research Reports, 6(1), 40-41. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=b42cffa5a2ad63a31fcf99869e7cb8ef72b44374
  • Lombard, B. J. J., & Kloppers, M. (2015). Undergraduate student teachers’ views and experiences of a compulsory course in research methods. South African Journal of Education, 35(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.15700/201503070032
  • Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2022). Second language research: Methodology and design (3rd ed). Routledge.
  • Müjdeci, S. (2020). Student teachers of English as researchers: Beliefs, attitudes, and practices [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Gazi University.
  • Özgenel, M., & Çetin, M. (2018). Development of the Marmara critical thinking dispositions scale: Validity and reliability analysis. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 9(32), 991-1015.
  • Papanastasiou, E. C. (2005). Factor structure of the “Attitudes Toward Research” scale. Statistics Education Research Journal, 4(1), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v4i1.523
  • Papanastasiou, E. C. (2014). Revised-Attitudes Toward Research Scale (R-ATR): A first look at its psychometric properties. Journal of Research in Education, 24(2), 146-159.
  • Roulston, K., Legette, R., Deloach, M., & Pitman, C. B. (2005). What is ‘research’ for teacher-researchers? Educational Action Research, 13(2), 169-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650790500200283
  • Savasci, M., & Rets, I. (2021). “As the Twig is bent, so is the Tree Inclined”: Research engagement among pre-service EFL teachers. Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, 11(2), 114-137. https://www.jltl.com.tr/index.php/jltl/article/view/353/159
  • Savasci, M., & Atar, C. (2024). Metaphorically speaking: Pre-service EFL teachers' understanding and conceptions of (teacher) research. Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, 14(1), 24-51. https://www.jltl.com.tr/index.php/jltl/article/view/554
  • Sato, M. (2023). Navigating the research–practice relationship: Professional goals and constraints. Language Teaching, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444823000423
  • Sato, M., & Loewen, S. (2022). The research–practice dialogue in second language learning and teaching: Past, present, and future. The Modern Language Journal, 106(3), 509-527. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12791
  • Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Basic Books.
  • Sosu, E. M. (2013). The development and psychometric validation of a Critical Thinking Disposition Scale. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 9, 107-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2012.09.002
  • Spronken‐Smith, R., & Walker, R. (2010). Can inquiry‐based learning strengthen the links between teaching and disciplinary research? Studies in Higher Education, 35(6), 723–740. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070903315502
  • Stenhouse, L. (1975). An introduction to curriculum research and development. Heinemann Educational.
  • Suter, W. N. (2012). Introduction to educational research: A critical thinking approach (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • Tanış, S. (2019). Research engagement in and beyond pre-service teacher education: A case study of an English language teacher education program in Turkey [Unpublished master's thesis]. Middle East Technical University. https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/45457
  • Ulvik, M. (2014). Student-teachers doing action research in their practicum: Why and how?. Educational Action Research, 22(4), 518-533. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2014.918901
  • UNESCO https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387400/PDF/387400eng.pdf.multi United Nations. (n.d.). 4-Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal4
  • Van der Linden, W. (2012). A design-based approach to introducing student teachers in conducting and using research [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Eindhoven University of Technology.
  • Van der Linden, W., Bakx, A., Ros, A., Beijaard, D., & Van den Bergh, L. (2015). The development of student teachers’ research knowledge, beliefs and attitude. Journal of Education for Teaching, 41(1), 4-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2014.992631
  • Van Katwijk, L., Jansen, E., & Van Veen, K. (2021). Pre-service teacher research: A way to future-proof teachers?. European Journal of Teacher Education, 46(3), 435-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2021.1928070
  • Vansteenkiste, M., Sierens, E., Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., & Lens, W. (2009). Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: The quality of motivation matters. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101(3), 671. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015083
  • Vogel, T., & Wanke, M. (2016). Attitudes and attitude change (2nd ed.). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315754185
  • Wang, D., & Jia, Q. (2023). Twenty years of research development on teachers’ critical thinking: Current status and future implications——A bibliometric analysis of research articles collected in WOS. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 48, 101252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101252
  • Waters, L. K., Martelli, T. A., Zakrajsek, T., & Popovich, P. M. (1988). Attitudes toward statistics: An evaluation of multiple measures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48(2), 513-516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164488482026
  • Wise, S. L. (1985). The development and validation of a scale measuring attitudes toward statistics. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(2), 401-405. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316448504500226 Wyatt, M., & Dikilitaş, K. (2015). English language teachers becoming more efficacious through research engagement at their Turkish university. Educational Action Research, 24(4), 550-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2015.1076731
  • Yuan, R., Yang, M., & Stapleton, P. (2020). Enhancing undergraduates’ critical thinking through research engagement: A practitioner research approach. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 38, 100737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100737
  • Zimbardo, P., & Ebbesen, E. B. (1970). Influencing attitudes and changing behavior: A basic introduction to relevant methodology, theory, and applications. Addison-Wesley.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects English As A Second Language
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seda Boy 0000-0002-9556-8285

Merve Savaşçı 0000-0002-4906-3630

Publication Date December 23, 2024
Submission Date August 16, 2024
Acceptance Date November 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Boy, S., & Savaşçı, M. (2024). Pre-Service EFL Teachers’ Research Attitudes and Critical Thinking Dispositions. ELT Research Journal, 13(2), 127-166.