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Four Views of Teachers Discussing Controversial Issues

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 , 92 - 105, 12.09.2018

Öz

Discussions on the nature of social reality and the
characteristics of a good society, as well as the role of the school in this
context, lie at the core of social studies. In this context, the teachers have
always been and will always be criticized for the values they did not or were
unable to convey from all ideological references. Often deemed a misfortune
associated with the fate of teachers, this issue would be an incentive for more
efforts in some senses, and poses an obstacle in others.
The teachers are often accused of embracing racist and sexist discourses and
expressing associated norms of cultural and economic domination on the one
hand, and of voicing a sinister secular humanism claimed to lay the foundations
of the superiority of capitalism and its democracy. In this context, the roles
the teachers are required to assume in the discussion of controversial issues
in their daily classes is a hot topic. This paper aims to present four critical
perspectives regarding controversial issues expressed by teachers. These
perspectives are often called exclusive neutrality, exclusive partiality,
neutral impartiality and committed impartiality. Studies so far assume
committed impartiality to be the most defensible teacher position.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, Ü. K. (2014). Aktif Öğrenme (13. Baskı). İzmir: Biliş Yayıncılık. Akpınar, B., & Aydın, K. (2010). Eğitimde değişim ve öğretmenlerin değişim algıları. Eğitim ve Bilim, 32(144), 71-80. Anyon, J. (1980). Social class and the hidden curriculum of work. Journal of Education, 162, 67-92. Apple, M. W. (1982). Education and power. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Apple, M. W. (1979). Ideology and curriculum. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Apple, M. W., & Weis, L. (Eds) (1983). Ideology and practice in schooling. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Arnon, R., Shani, M., & Zeiger, T. (1999). Teacher thinking about their profession. Tel Aviv: Beir Beri College. Arnot, M. (1981). Class, gender and education. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Balcı. A. (1988). "Etkili Okul". Eğitim ve Bilim, 12(70), 21-30. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social learning theory (Vol. 1). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-hall. Barnes, D. (1995). Talking and learning in classrooms: An introduction. Primary Voices K-6, 3(1), 2-7. Bauman, Z. (1989). Legislators and Interpreters on Modernity, Post-modernity and Intellectuals. Polity Press. Bela. H. B. (1968). "Instructional Systems". Fearon Publishers. California. Bereiter, C. (1973). Must we educate? Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall . Berlak, A. (1985). Back to the basics: Liberatory pedagogy and the liberal arts. Thought and Action, Spring. Bernstein, R. J. (1978). The restructuring of social and political theory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Bramald, R., Hardman, F., & Leat, D. (1995). Initial teacher trainees and their views of teaching and learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 11, 23-31. Brandt, R. B. (1959). Ethical theory: The problems of normative and critical ethics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall. Brophy, J. (1979). Teacher behavior and its effects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 733-750. Bullough, R. V., Gitlin, A. D., & Goldstein, S. L. (1984). Ideology, teacher role, and resistance. Bullough, R. V., Goldstein, L., & Holt, L. (1984). Human interests in the curriculum. New York: Teachers College Press . Butts, R. F. (1980). The revival of civic learning: A rationale for citizenship in American schools. Bloomington, IN : Phi Delta Kappa. Cagan, E. (1978). Individualism, collectivism and radical educational reform. Harvard Educational Review, 48, 227-266. Cain, P. (1999). Controversial issues: A case for neutrality? Nurse Education Today, 19, 159-163. Calderhead, J., & Robson, M. (1991). Images of teaching: Student teachers’ early conceptions of classroom practice. Teaching and Teacher Education, 7, 1-8. Cherryholmes, C . H. (1980) . Social knowledge and citizenship education: Two views of truth and criticism, Curriculum Inquiry, 10, 115-141. Cohen, B. (1982). Means and ends in education. London: George Allen & Unwin. Coleman, J. S. (1972). Youth: Transition to adulthood. Report of the Panel on Youth of the President's Science Advisory Committee. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Combs, A. W., Blume, R. A., Newman, A. J., & Wass, H. L. (1977). The professional education of teachers: A humanistic approach to teacher preparation. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Conrad, D., & Hedin, D. (1981). Executive summary of experimental education evaluation project. Minnesota: Center for Youth Development and Research. Crawford, B. A. (2000). Embracing the essence of inquiry: New roles for science teachers. Journal of research in science teaching, 37(9), 916-937. Çakmak, M. (2001). Etkili Öğretimin Gerçekleşmesinde Öğretmenin Rolü. Çağdaş Eğitim, 274, 22-26. Çelikten, M. (2006). Kültür ve Öğretmen Metaforları. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 269-283. Day, D. (1983). Agreeing to differ: The logic of pluralism. In F. Coffield & R. Goodings (Eds.), Sacred cows in education. University of Durham: Edinburgh University Press. Dewey, J. (1938). The school and society. The University of Chicago Press. Dewey, J. E. (1944). Democracy and education. Toronto: Macmillan. Eeds, M., & Wells, D. (1989). Grand conversations: An expla- nation of meaning construction in literature study groups. Research in the Teaching of English, 23(1), 4-29. Elliott, J. (1973). Neutrality, rationality and the role of the teacher. In R. S. Peters, P. H. Hurst, & H. T. Sockett (Eds.), Proceedings ofthe philosophy of education society of Great Britain. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Fradd, S., & Lee, O. (1999). Teachers' roles in promoting science inquiry with students from diverse language backgrounds. Educational Researcher, 28(6), 14-20+42. Doi: 10.2307/1177292 Freedman, L. (1993). Teacher talk: The role of the teacher in literature discussion groups. In K. Pierce & C. Gilles (Eds.), Cycles of meaning: Expanding the potential of talk in learning communities (pp. 219-235). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Trans. Myra Bergman Ramos. London: Herder & Herder. Fujii, T., Kumagai, K., Shimizu, Y., & Sugiyama, Y. (1998). A cross-cultural study of classroom practices based on a common topic. Tsukuba Journal of Educational Study in Mathematics, 17, 185–194. Furlong, J. J., & Carroll, W. J. (1990). Teacher neutrality and teaching of ethical issues. The Educational Forum, 54, 157-168. Gavelek, J. R., & Raphael, T. E. (1996). Changing talk about text: New roles for teachers and students. Language Arts, 73(3), 182-192. Genovese, E. (1972). Roll, Jordan, roll: The world the slaves made. New York: Vintage. Giroux, H. A. (1983a). Theory and resistance in education: A pedagogy for the oppostion. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey. Giroux, H. A. (1983b). Theories of reproduction and resistance in the new sociology of education: A critical analysis. Harvard Education Review, 53, 257-293. Goble, F. G., & Brooks, B. D. (1983). The case for character education. Ottawa, IL : Green Hill Publishers. Goodlad, J. I. (1984). A place called school: Prospects for the future. New York: McGraw-Hill. Greenbaum, W. (1974). America in search of a new ideal: An essay on the rise of pluralism. Harvard Educational Review, 44, 411-440. Gülpınar, A. (2005). Beyin/Zihin Temelli Öğrenme İlkeleri ve Eğitimde Yapılandırmacı Modeller. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 5(2), 271-306. Habermas, J. (1971). Knowlege and human interests. Trans. Jeremy J. Shapiro. New York: Beacon Press. Hacat, S. O. (2018a). Assessment of the Basic Law Lesson Consistent with the Opinions of Social Studies Pre-Service Teachers. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(1), 103-110. Hacat, S. O. (2018b). Opinions of Middle School Students on the Justice Concept within the Framework of Social Studies Education. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(2), 210. Hesapçıoğlu, M. (2001). Postmodern Toplumda Eğitim, Okul ve İnsan Hakları. İstanbul: Sedar Yayıncılık. Hill, B. V. (1982). 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Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 , 92 - 105, 12.09.2018

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, Ü. K. (2014). Aktif Öğrenme (13. Baskı). İzmir: Biliş Yayıncılık. Akpınar, B., & Aydın, K. (2010). Eğitimde değişim ve öğretmenlerin değişim algıları. Eğitim ve Bilim, 32(144), 71-80. Anyon, J. (1980). Social class and the hidden curriculum of work. Journal of Education, 162, 67-92. Apple, M. W. (1982). Education and power. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Apple, M. W. (1979). Ideology and curriculum. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Apple, M. W., & Weis, L. (Eds) (1983). Ideology and practice in schooling. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Arnon, R., Shani, M., & Zeiger, T. (1999). Teacher thinking about their profession. Tel Aviv: Beir Beri College. Arnot, M. (1981). Class, gender and education. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Balcı. A. (1988). "Etkili Okul". Eğitim ve Bilim, 12(70), 21-30. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social learning theory (Vol. 1). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-hall. Barnes, D. (1995). Talking and learning in classrooms: An introduction. Primary Voices K-6, 3(1), 2-7. Bauman, Z. (1989). Legislators and Interpreters on Modernity, Post-modernity and Intellectuals. Polity Press. Bela. H. B. (1968). "Instructional Systems". Fearon Publishers. California. Bereiter, C. (1973). Must we educate? Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall . Berlak, A. (1985). Back to the basics: Liberatory pedagogy and the liberal arts. Thought and Action, Spring. Bernstein, R. J. (1978). The restructuring of social and political theory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Bramald, R., Hardman, F., & Leat, D. (1995). Initial teacher trainees and their views of teaching and learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 11, 23-31. Brandt, R. B. (1959). Ethical theory: The problems of normative and critical ethics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall. Brophy, J. (1979). Teacher behavior and its effects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 733-750. Bullough, R. V., Gitlin, A. D., & Goldstein, S. L. (1984). Ideology, teacher role, and resistance. Bullough, R. V., Goldstein, L., & Holt, L. (1984). Human interests in the curriculum. New York: Teachers College Press . Butts, R. F. (1980). The revival of civic learning: A rationale for citizenship in American schools. Bloomington, IN : Phi Delta Kappa. Cagan, E. (1978). Individualism, collectivism and radical educational reform. Harvard Educational Review, 48, 227-266. Cain, P. (1999). Controversial issues: A case for neutrality? Nurse Education Today, 19, 159-163. Calderhead, J., & Robson, M. (1991). Images of teaching: Student teachers’ early conceptions of classroom practice. Teaching and Teacher Education, 7, 1-8. Cherryholmes, C . H. (1980) . Social knowledge and citizenship education: Two views of truth and criticism, Curriculum Inquiry, 10, 115-141. Cohen, B. (1982). Means and ends in education. London: George Allen & Unwin. Coleman, J. S. (1972). Youth: Transition to adulthood. Report of the Panel on Youth of the President's Science Advisory Committee. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Combs, A. W., Blume, R. A., Newman, A. J., & Wass, H. L. (1977). The professional education of teachers: A humanistic approach to teacher preparation. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Conrad, D., & Hedin, D. (1981). Executive summary of experimental education evaluation project. Minnesota: Center for Youth Development and Research. Crawford, B. A. (2000). Embracing the essence of inquiry: New roles for science teachers. Journal of research in science teaching, 37(9), 916-937. Çakmak, M. (2001). Etkili Öğretimin Gerçekleşmesinde Öğretmenin Rolü. Çağdaş Eğitim, 274, 22-26. Çelikten, M. (2006). Kültür ve Öğretmen Metaforları. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 269-283. Day, D. (1983). Agreeing to differ: The logic of pluralism. In F. Coffield & R. Goodings (Eds.), Sacred cows in education. University of Durham: Edinburgh University Press. Dewey, J. (1938). The school and society. The University of Chicago Press. Dewey, J. E. (1944). Democracy and education. Toronto: Macmillan. Eeds, M., & Wells, D. (1989). Grand conversations: An expla- nation of meaning construction in literature study groups. Research in the Teaching of English, 23(1), 4-29. Elliott, J. (1973). Neutrality, rationality and the role of the teacher. In R. S. Peters, P. H. Hurst, & H. T. Sockett (Eds.), Proceedings ofthe philosophy of education society of Great Britain. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Fradd, S., & Lee, O. (1999). Teachers' roles in promoting science inquiry with students from diverse language backgrounds. Educational Researcher, 28(6), 14-20+42. Doi: 10.2307/1177292 Freedman, L. (1993). Teacher talk: The role of the teacher in literature discussion groups. In K. Pierce & C. Gilles (Eds.), Cycles of meaning: Expanding the potential of talk in learning communities (pp. 219-235). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Trans. Myra Bergman Ramos. London: Herder & Herder. Fujii, T., Kumagai, K., Shimizu, Y., & Sugiyama, Y. (1998). A cross-cultural study of classroom practices based on a common topic. Tsukuba Journal of Educational Study in Mathematics, 17, 185–194. Furlong, J. J., & Carroll, W. J. (1990). Teacher neutrality and teaching of ethical issues. The Educational Forum, 54, 157-168. Gavelek, J. R., & Raphael, T. E. (1996). Changing talk about text: New roles for teachers and students. Language Arts, 73(3), 182-192. Genovese, E. (1972). Roll, Jordan, roll: The world the slaves made. New York: Vintage. Giroux, H. A. (1983a). Theory and resistance in education: A pedagogy for the oppostion. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey. Giroux, H. A. (1983b). Theories of reproduction and resistance in the new sociology of education: A critical analysis. Harvard Education Review, 53, 257-293. Goble, F. G., & Brooks, B. D. (1983). The case for character education. Ottawa, IL : Green Hill Publishers. Goodlad, J. I. (1984). A place called school: Prospects for the future. New York: McGraw-Hill. Greenbaum, W. (1974). America in search of a new ideal: An essay on the rise of pluralism. Harvard Educational Review, 44, 411-440. Gülpınar, A. (2005). Beyin/Zihin Temelli Öğrenme İlkeleri ve Eğitimde Yapılandırmacı Modeller. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 5(2), 271-306. Habermas, J. (1971). Knowlege and human interests. Trans. Jeremy J. Shapiro. New York: Beacon Press. Hacat, S. O. (2018a). Assessment of the Basic Law Lesson Consistent with the Opinions of Social Studies Pre-Service Teachers. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(1), 103-110. Hacat, S. O. (2018b). Opinions of Middle School Students on the Justice Concept within the Framework of Social Studies Education. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(2), 210. Hesapçıoğlu, M. (2001). Postmodern Toplumda Eğitim, Okul ve İnsan Hakları. İstanbul: Sedar Yayıncılık. Hill, B. V. (1982). Faith at the blackboard: Issues confronting the Christian teacher. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. Inbar, D. (1996). The free educational prison: Metaphors and images. Educational Research, 28(1), 77–92. Johnson, M. (1990). The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1 Edition. Kalın, Ö. U. (2017b). Analysis of 7 th Grade Social Studies Course Book According to Different Readability Formulas. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 9(4). Kelly, D. M., & Brandes, G. M. (2001). Shifting out of" neutral": Beginning teachers' struggles with teaching for social justice. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'education, 26(4), 437-454. Kelly, T. E. (1986). Discussing controversial issues: Four perspectives on the teacher's role. Theory & Research in Social Education, 14(2), 113-138. Koçoğlu, E. (2013). Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının, Okul Yöneticilerinde Olması Gereken Demokratik Tutum Ve Davranışlara İlişkin Görüşleri. Electronic Turkish Studies, 8(6). Koçoğlu, E. (2014). Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi Kazanımlarının Kültürel Yaşam Üzerindeki Etkilerine İlişkin Öğretmen Algıları. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities (mjh. akdeniz. edu. tr) IV/2, 191-204. Koçoğlu, E. (2015). Social Studies Teachers' Perspective of Religion Education in Turkey. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(1). Kohlberg, L. (1981). The philosophy of eduction. San Francisco: Harper & Row. Korkut, F. (2005). Öğrenci gelişimsel özellikleri açısından inceleme. Yeni Öğretim Programlarını İnceleme ve Değerlendirme Raporu içinde. http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/91065 adresinden 16 Mart 2018 tarihinde indirilmiştir. Krajcik, J., Blumenfeld, P., Marx, R., & Soloway, E. (1994). A collaborative model for helping middle grade teachers learn project-based instruction. 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Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Bulent Alagoz Bu kişi benim

Ozkan Akman Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Eylül 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 10

Kaynak Göster

APA Alagoz, B., & Akman, O. (2018). Four Views of Teachers Discussing Controversial Issues. The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences, 10, 92-105.