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## Cognitive Levels and Misconceptions of Grade 11 Lebanese Students in Probability

#### Shehayeb SANAA [1]

The concept of probability is fundamental to students especially at the secondary school level. Learning probability is always linked to logic and reasoning. This paper aims at unveiling the cognitive levels in probability and exploring the probability misconceptions of a sample of 41 grade 11 Lebanese students at the end of their academic year during which they encountered probability as a subject in school for the first time. The approach to data collection is quantitative and qualitative. The 25 item questionnaire in Paul and Hlanganipai (2014) was used to determine the students’ cognitive levels in probability based on SOLO taxonomy and using the rubrics used in Watson and Collis (1994). The questionnaire is divided into 5 categories: probability terms and definitions, theoretical probability, Venn diagrams, union and intersection and dependent and independent events. After that 10 students were randomly selected from the sample and interviewed to explore two probability misconceptions: representativeness and equiprobability bias. Results showed that grade 11 students attained level 3 in two of the categories and were able to reach level 2 in two other categories while they remained at level 1 in the fifth categories. As for the students’ misconceptions, representativeness misconception was rarely found while equiprobability bias was more prevalent.
Mathematics, Probability, Secondary level, Misconceptions, Solo taxonomy
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Birincil Dil en Sosyal Articles Yazar: Shehayeb SANAA Kurum: Lebanese UniversityÜlke: Lebanon Yayımlanma Tarihi : 14 Aralık 2019
 Bibtex @araştırma makalesi { epess659468, journal = {The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {2587-1730}, address = {}, publisher = {ISRES Organizasyon Turizm Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd. Şti.}, year = {2019}, volume = {15}, pages = {19 - 29}, doi = {}, title = {Cognitive Levels and Misconceptions of Grade 11 Lebanese Students in Probability}, key = {cite}, author = {SANAA, Shehayeb} } APA SANAA, S . (2019). Cognitive Levels and Misconceptions of Grade 11 Lebanese Students in Probability. The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences , 15 () , 19-29 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/epess/issue/50638/659468 MLA SANAA, S . "Cognitive Levels and Misconceptions of Grade 11 Lebanese Students in Probability". The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences 15 (2019 ): 19-29 Chicago SANAA, S . "Cognitive Levels and Misconceptions of Grade 11 Lebanese Students in Probability". The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences 15 (2019 ): 19-29 RIS TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive Levels and Misconceptions of Grade 11 Lebanese Students in Probability AU - Shehayeb SANAA Y1 - 2019 PY - 2019 N1 - DO - T2 - The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 19 EP - 29 VL - 15 IS - SN - -2587-1730 M3 - UR - Y2 - 2020 ER - EndNote %0 The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences Cognitive Levels and Misconceptions of Grade 11 Lebanese Students in Probability %A Shehayeb SANAA %T Cognitive Levels and Misconceptions of Grade 11 Lebanese Students in Probability %D 2019 %J The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences %P -2587-1730 %V 15 %N %R %U ISNAD SANAA, Shehayeb . "Cognitive Levels and Misconceptions of Grade 11 Lebanese Students in Probability". The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences 15 / (Aralık 2019): 19-29 . AMA SANAA S . Cognitive Levels and Misconceptions of Grade 11 Lebanese Students in Probability. EPESS. 2019; 15: 19-29. Vancouver SANAA S . Cognitive Levels and Misconceptions of Grade 11 Lebanese Students in Probability. The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences. 2019; 15: 29-19.

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