Recycling domestic sewage sludge to agricultural and farming areas in line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

Abstract

Corresponding to the rapid increase in population, the increase in the number of domestic wastewater treatment plants, as well as the increase in domestic sludge levels above acceptable levels, pave the way to utilize sewage sludge in a variety of different applications and usage areas. Using sewage sludge in agriculture, landscape plant cultivation, and other agricultural areas has a number of advantages, including the ability to make rational use of waste without damaging the environment as well as delivering fertilizer benefits to the plant due to the high organic matter content of the wastewater sludge. Aside from these advantages, the most serious drawbacks of waste sewage are pathogenic bacteria, heavy metal contamination, and the presence of potentially hazardous compounds. The use of existing waste in the soil in appropriate proportions and in methods that are compatible with ecological life, on the other hand, will contribute to the fertilization of agricultural areas, providing an alternative to the fertilizer industry. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, are a global call to action to end poverty, safeguard the environment, and guarantee that everyone lives in peace and prosperity. It is expected that this research will help to promote awareness about the reuse of waste within the context of a sustainable environment, as well as shed light on the application of sewage sludge to agricultural fields in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, the support for sewage sludge recycling in agricultural regions for long-term development goals is shown.

Keywords

• Sustainability
• Sustainable environment
• Sustainable development
• Waste Management
• Waste Recycling
• Waste management
• Waste recycling

References

1. S. Sauvé, S. Bernard, and P. Sloan, “Environmental sciences, sustainable development and circular economy: Alternative concepts for trans-disciplinary research,” Environmental Development, Vol 17, pp. 4856, 2016. [CrossRef]
2. M. Mukheed, and A. Khan, “Plastic pollution in Pakistan: Environmental and health implications,” Journal of Pollution Effects & Control, Vol. 8(4) Article 251, 2020.
3. H. Özbek, Z. Kaya, M. Gök, and H. Kaptan, “Toprak Bilimi”, 12. Baskı P. Schachtschabel H.-P. Blume, G. Brümmer, K.-H. Hartge, U. Schwerthmann (Çev.). Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No: 73, Ders Kitapları Yayın No: 16, 1995.
4. S. A. Wimalawansa, and S. Wimalawansa, “Agrochemical-related environmental pollution: Effects on human health,” Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture & Health Sciences, Vol. 3(3), pp. 7283, 2014.
5. C. T. Onions, “The shorter oxfort english dictonary,” Clarendan Press, 1964.
6. H. Tıraş, “Sustainable development and environment: an examine in theory,” KSÜ İİBF Dergisi, Vol. 2(2), pp. 57–73, 2012. [Turkish]
7. E. Karakurt Tosun, “Sürdürülebilirlik olgusu ve kentsel yapiya etkileri,” Paradoks, Ekonomi, Sosyoloji ve Politika Dergisi, Vol. 2, 2009. [Turkish]
8. J. Jeffery, “Governance for a sustainable future,” Public Health, Vol 120, pp. 604608, 2006. [CrossRef]

9. A. Şahinöz, “Unsustainable “sustainable growth,” Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol. 8(15), pp. 77101, 2019. [Turkish]
10. World Health Organization, “Ecosystems and human well-being,”World Health Organization, ‎2005.
11. K. Hiruy, and R. Eversole, “The contribution of research for development to the sustainable development goals: lessons from fisheries research in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Island countries,” International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, Vol. 27(2), pp. 153166, 2020. [CrossRef]
12. The Evrimagacı, “Sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri nelerdir? Dünya, kimseyi geride bırakmadan kalkınabilir mi?” 2022. https://evrimagaci.org/surdurulebilir-kalkinma-hedefleri-nelerdir-dunya-kimseyi-geride-birakmadan-kalkinabilir-mi-8935 [Turkish]
13. The United Nations, “17 Goals to Transform Our World,” 2022. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/
14. E. Güllüce, “Approach disintegration of sewage sludge with rotor type hydrodynamic cavitation reactors. In Y. Asci, (Ed.). Engineering Sciences Innovative Approaches Publisher pp. (88-101). Livre de Lyon, 2021.
15. Ş. Yıldız, E. Yılmaz, and E. Ölmez, “Evsel nitelikli arıtma çamurlarının stabilizasyonla bertaraf alternatifleri: İstanbul örneği,” TÜRKAY Solid Waste Management Symposium in Turkiye, Jun 15-17 İstanbul Turkiye. 2009. [Turkish]
16. B. Taşatar. “Endüstriyel nitelikli arıtma çamurlarının bazı toprak özelliklerine etkileri,” [Master Thesis], Ankara University, 1997. [Turkish]
17. H. Akat, G. Çetinkale Demirkan, Ö. Akat, and İ. Yokaş. (2015). “Utilization of sewage sludge which were used as ornamentel plant growing mixed material on the cultivation of limonium sinuatum grown under different growing media,” Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 12(1), pp. 81–90, 2015. [Turkish]
18. T. Ekici, “Evsel atik su arıtma çamurunun kurutma parametrelerinin araştırılması,” [Master’s Thesis], Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, 2020. [Turkish]
19. G. Ç. Demirkan, H. Akat, and İ. Yokaş, “Effects of sewage sludge on the growth and flower development of Clarkia amoena,” Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, Vol. 28, pp. 4958, 2014. [Turkish]
20. J. Hall, “Sludge management and marketing plan,” MWH-Yüksel Proje Consortium, Final Report, 2013.
21. K. Çimrin, M. Bozkurt, and İ. Erdal, “The use of municipal sewage sludge as phosphorus source in agriculture,” Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi (J. Agric, Sci.), Vol. 10(1), pp. 8590, 2000. [Turkish]
22. N. Nahar, and S. Hossen, “Influence of sewage sludge application on soil properties, carrot growth and heavy metal uptake,” Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Vol. 52(1), pp. 110, 2021. [CrossRef]
23. F. O. Kocaer, A. Kemiksiz, and H. S. Başkaya, “A study on mineralization of organic nitrogen in a sludge-amended soil,” Ekoloji Çevre Dergisi, Vol. 12(46), pp. 1216. 2003
24. İ. Alyanak, “Atıksu çamurlarının değerlendirilmesiyle ilgili türkiye’deki uygulamalar,” 4. Turkish-German Water Partnership Day. Sep 23-24; Antalya, Türkiye, 2014. [Turkish]
25. E. Yakamercan, A. Ari, and A. Aygün, “Land application of municipal sewage sludge: human health risk assessment of heavy metals,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 319, Article 128568, 2021. [CrossRef]
26. M. Öztürk, Ş. Aslan, and A. Demirbaş, “Effect of domestic wastewater sewage sludge applications on yield and nutrient uptake of tomato plant,” Sivas Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, Vol. 8(7), pp. 15081516, 2020. [Turkish] [CrossRef]
27. U. Tolay, Y. Yavuzsefik, M. Tolay, and N. Söğüt, “Usage of sewage sludge on the growth of ornamental plants”. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, Vol. 24(6), pp. 705712, 2000. [Turkish]
28. M. Ünal, A. Karaca, Ç. S. Camcı, and A. Çelik, “Effects of sewage sludge originated from urban waste water treatment plant on growth of Freesia Spp. and some properties of soil,” Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 25(2), pp. 4656, 2011. [Turkish]
29. G. Yalçın, R. Yavuz, M. Yılmaz, and K. Taşpınar, “Evaluation of sewage sludge on agricultural lands,” Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 3, pp. 156164, 2011. [Turkish]
30. M. Soumare, F. M. G. Tack, and M. G. Verloo, “Characterization of malianand belgian solid waste composts with respect to fertilityand suitability for land application,” Waste Management, Vol. 23, pp. 517522, 2003. [CrossRef]
31. H. Çakır, and K. Çimrin, “Effect of municipal sewage sludge applications: II. on some mikro nutrient and heavy metal contents plant corn and soil,” KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, Vol. 21(6), pp. 882890, 2018. [Turkish] [CrossRef]
32. H. N. Çakır, and K. M. Çimrin, “The effect of sewage sludge applications on the growth of maize (zea mays l.) and some soil properties,” Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, Vol. 23(2), pp. 321–327, 2020. [Turkish] [CrossRef]
33. A. Elmi, A. Al-Khaldy, and M. A. Alolayan, “Sewage sludge land application: balancing act between agronomic benefits and environmental concerns,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 250, Article 119512, 2020. [CrossRef]
34. H. M. K. Delanka-Pedige, S. P. Munasinghe-Arachchige, I. S. A. Abeysiriwardana-Arachchige, and N. Nirmalakhandan, “Wastewater infrastructure for sustainable cities: assessment based on UN sustainable development goals (SDGs),” International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, Vol. 28(3), pp. 203209, 2021. [CrossRef]
35. Republic of Turkey Presidency of Strategy and Budget, “Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları değerlendirme raporu,” 2019. [Turkish]