Investigating the emissions and performance of ethanol and biodiesel blends on Al2O3 thermal barrier coated piston engine using response surface methodology design - multiparametric optimization

Abstract

The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization technique was used to examine the effect of load, Tomato Methyl Ester (TOME), and Ethanol injection enhanced diesel on engine performance and exhaust gas emissions with a normal piston and an Al2O3 coated piston. TOME biodiesel (10, 20, and 30%) and ethanol (10, 20, and 30%) were chosen to increase BTE while minimizing BSFC, NOx, CO, smoke, and HC. The RSM technique was used to operate the engine by load (0–100%). The results revealed that engine load, TOME, and ethanol concentration all exhibited a considerable effect on the response variables. The ANOVA results for the established quadratic models specified that for each model, an ideal was discovered by optimizing an experiment's user-defined historical design. The present research efforts to improve the performance of a diesel engine by using a thermal barrier-coated piston that runs on biodiesel blends. Al2O3 is the chosen material for TBC due to its excellent thermal insulation properties. B20E30 has a 4% higher brake thermal efficiency than diesel, but B10E20 and B30E20 mixes have a 3.6% and 12% reduction in BSFC. The B20 blends lowered CO and HC emissions by 6% and 8% respectively. In terms of performance and emissions, biodiesel blends performed similarly to pure diesel, and the combination was optimized through the design of an experiment tool.

Keywords

• Emission
• ethanol
• optimization
• performance
• thermal barrier coating
• tomato methyl ester

References

1. A. P. Venkatesh, T. P. Latchoumi, S. Chezhian Babu, K. Balamurugan, S. Ganesan, M. Ruban, and L. Mulugeta, “Multiparametric optimization on influence of ethanol and biodiesel blends on nanocoated engine by full factorial design,” Journal of Nanomaterials, Vol. 2022, Article 5350122, 2022. [CrossRef]
2. A. Bernardo, D. Boeris, A. I. Evins, G. Anichini, and P. E. Stieg, “A combined dual-port endoscope-assisted pre-and retrosigmoid approach to the cerebellopontine angle: An extensive anatomo-surgical study,” Neurosurgical Review, Vol. 37, pp. 597-608, 2014. [CrossRef]
3. H. Solmaz, “A comparative study on the usage of fusel oil and reference fuels in an HCCI engine at different compression ratios,” Fuel, Vol. 273, Article 117775, 2020. [CrossRef]
4. S. Prakash, M. Prabhahar, O. P. Niyas, S. Faris, and C. Vyshnav, “Thermal barrier coating on IC engine piston to improve efficiency using dual fuel,” Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 33, pp. 919-924, 2020. [CrossRef]
5. V. Saxena, N. Kumar, and V. K. Saxena, “Multi-objective optimization of modified nanofluid fuel blends at different TiO2 nanoparticle concentration in diesel engine: Experimental assessment and modeling,” Applied Energy, Vol. 248, pp. 330-353, 2019. [CrossRef]
6. B. J. Kalita, and N. Sit, “Optimization of the culture conditions for cellulase production from suitable food waste using fungal strain isolated from different soils,” Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, pp. 1-14, 2023. [CrossRef]
7. S. Kumar, A. Kumar, A. R. Sharma, and A. Kumar, “Heat transfer correlations on combustion chamber surface of diesel engine experimental work,” International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology, Vol. 2(3), pp. 28-35, 2019. [CrossRef]
8. G. Najafi, B. Ghobadian, T. Yusaf, S. M. S. Ardebili, and R. Mamat, “Optimization of performance and exhaust emission parameters of a SI (spark ignition) engine with gasoline–ethanol blended fuels using response surface methodology,” Energy, Vol. 90, pp. 1815-1829, 2015. [CrossRef]

9. S. Kundu, S. K. Das, and P. Sahoo, “Friction and wear behavior of electroless Ni-PW coating exposed to elevated temperature,” Surfaces and Interfaces, Vol. 14, pp. 192-207, 2019. [CrossRef]
10. S. Yessian, and P. A. Varthanan, “Optimization of performance and emission characteristics of catalytic coated IC engine with biodiesel using grey-taguchi method,” Scientific Reports, Vol. 10(1), Article 2129, 2020. [CrossRef]
11. M. Prabhahar, and K. Rajan, “Performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine with titanium oxide coated piston using Pongamia methyl ester,” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 27(5), pp. 1519-1526, 2013. [CrossRef]
12. S. Ozer, F. Haciyusufoglu, and E. Vural, “Experimental investigation of the effect of the use of nanoparticle additional biodiesel on fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in tractor using a coated engine,” Thermal Science, Vol. 27(4) Part B, pp. 3189-3197, 2023. [CrossRef]
13. I. Uogintė, G. Lujanienė, and K. Mažeika, “Study of Cu (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Pb (II) removal from aqueous solutions using magnetic Prussian blue nano-sorbent,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 369, pp. 226-235, 2019. [CrossRef]
14. B. Vinay, A. K. Singh, and A. K. Yadav, “Optimisation of performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with Mahua oil methyl ester–diesel blend using response surface methodology,” International Journal of Ambient Energy, Vol. 41(6), pp. 674-685, 2020. [CrossRef]
15. J. D. Mejía, N. Salgado, and C. E. Orrego, “Effect of blends of Diesel and Palm-Castor biodiesels on viscosity, cloud point and flash point,” Industrial Crops and Products, Vol. 43, pp. 791-797, 2013. [CrossRef]
16. H. Venu, and P. Appavu, “Analysis on a thermal barrier coated (TBC) piston in a single cylinder diesel engine powered by Jatropha biodiesel–diesel blends,” SN Applied Sciences, Vol. 1(12), p. 1669, 2019. [CrossRef]
17. Y. J. Yang, S. Aziz, S. M. Mehdi, M. Sajid, S. Jagadeesan, and K. H. Choi, “Highly sensitive flexible human motion sensor based on ZnSnO3/PVDF composite,” Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 46, pp. 4172-4179, 2017. [CrossRef]
18. M. Akcay, S. Ozer, and G. Satilmis, “Analytical formulation for diesel engine fueled with fusel oil/diesel blends,” Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, Vol. 81, pp. 712-719, 2022. [CrossRef]
19. R. Bhagavatha, S. Subrahmaniana, and G. Narendrakumar, “Enhanced removal of Ni (II) from electroplating effluents using herbal biomass as alum substituents,” Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 244, pp. 241-252, 2021. [CrossRef]
20. K. Viswanathan, D. Balasubramanian, T. Subramanian, and E. G. Varuvel, “Investigating the combined effect of thermal barrier coating and antioxidants on pine oil in DI diesel engine,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 26, pp. 15573-15599, 2019. [CrossRef]
21. G. A. Miraculas, N. Bose, and R. E. Raj, “Optimization of biofuel blends and compression ratio of a diesel engine fueled with Calophyllum inophyllum oil methyl ester,” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol. 41, pp. 1723-1733, 2016. [CrossRef]
22. K. Nanthagopal, R. S. Kishna, A. E. Atabani, A. Ala'a, G. Kumar, and B. Ashok, “A compressive review on the effects of alcohols and nanoparticles as an oxygenated enhancer in compression ignition engine,” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 203, Article 112244, 2020. [CrossRef]
23. O. Z. E. Salih, and C. Cenab, “Effects of adding waste oil ethylene glycol butyl ether to diesel fuel,” International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology, Vol. 7(4), pp. 279-284, 2023. [CrossRef]
24. S. Prakash, M. Prabhahar, and M. Saravana Kumar, “Experimental analysis of diesel engine behaviours using biodiesel with different exhaust gas recirculation rates,” International Journal of Ambient Energy, Vol. 43(1), pp. 1508-1517, 2022. [CrossRef]
25. M. R. Saxena and R. K. Maurya, “Optimization of engine operating conditions and investigation of nano-particle emissions from a non-road engine fuelled with butanol/diesel blends,” Biofuels, 2017. [CrossRef]
26. S. Koçyiğit, S. Ozer, S. Çelebi, and U. Demir, “Bio-based solutions for diesel engines: Investigating the effects of propolis additive and ethanol on performance and emissions,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, Vol. 48, Article 102421, 2024. [CrossRef]
27. M. Tomar, and N. Kumar, “Influence of nanoadditives on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with diesel, biodiesel, and blends–a review,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Vol. 42(23), pp. 2944-2961, 2020. [CrossRef]
28. M. K. Parida, H. Joardar, A. K. Rout, I. Routaray, and B. P. Mishra, “Multiple response optimizations to improve performance and reduce emissions of Argemone Mexicana biodiesel-diesel blends in a VCR engine,” Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 148, pp. 1454-1466, 2019. [CrossRef]