Economic evaluation of fluoride removal by membrane capacitive deionization

Abstract

Today, one of the most important issues of all is the supply of drinking and utility water, which is the most basic need for human beings, to be healthy and reliable, economical. Some substances in natural water sources pose a danger to living creatures when they exceed certain concentrations. Fluoride, which can be commonly found in water as a result of natural or industrial effects, poses various risks for the living not only in its deficiency, but also its excess. Therefore, the fluoride concentration should be under control. Membrane Capacitive Deionization Process is an effective method to remove ions from water. In this study, firstly, optimum conditions have been determined by working on the removal of fluoride from groundwater with MCDI which is prepared synthetically. Subsequently, the groundwater, which was obtained from Isparta province and containing 7.71 mg/L fluoride, was treated by the membrane capacitive deionization method at the optimum conditions determined by 99%. Groundwater fluoride concentration has been reduced below the drinking water fluoride limit. For this treatment, 0.06 kWh/m³ energy was expensed and this corresponds to an energy cost of $ 0.006/m³. These results are quite economical when compared to other groundwater fluoride removal methods.

Keywords

• Deionization
• economic analysis
• fluoride
• membran capacitive

References

1. [1] A. Bhatnagar and M. Sillanpää, "A review of emerging adsorbents for nitrate removal from water", Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 168:2, pp. 493 - 504, 2011.
2. [2] M. Amini, K. Mueller, K.C. Abbaspour, T. Rosenberg, M. Afyuni, K.N. Møller, M. Sarr and C.A. Johnson, "Statistical modeling of global geogenic fluoride contamination in groundwaters", Environmental Science & Technology, Vol.42:10, pp.3662 - 3668, 2008
3. [3] I. Kürkçüoğlu, V. Karakılıç, and M. Kürkçüoğlu, "Isparta ilinde yüksek florlu su kaynaklarını kullanan iki bölgede atmosferik radon düzeylerinin incelenmesi", Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol.1:2, pp. 49 - 61, 2010.
4. [4] S. Jagtap, M.K. Yenkie, N. Labhsetwar and S. Rayalu, "Fluoride in drinking water and defluoridation of water", Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112:4, pp. 2454 - 2466, 2012.
5. [5] P. Xu, G.M. Zeng, D.L. Huang, C.L. Feng, S. Hu, M.H. Zhao, C. Lai, Z. Wei, C. Huang, G.X. Xie and Z.F. Liu, "Use of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: A review", Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 424, pp. 1-10, 2012.
6. [6] H.İ. Uzun and E. Debik, "Membran Kapasitif Deiyonizasyon Prosesi ile Sertlik Giderimi", Akademik Platform Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol.7:3, pp. 341 - 346, 2019.
7. [7] E. Debik and H. I. Uzun, "Yeraltı Suyu İyonik Kirleticilerin Giderimin Membran Kapasitif Deiyonizasyon Prosesi : Performans Parametrelerinin ve Optimum İşletme Şartlarının Tespiti", ISEM2016, 3rd International Symposium on Environment and Morality, Alanya–Turkey 4-6 November 2016.
8. [8] H.I. Uzun and E. Debik, "Economical approach to nitrate removal via membrane capacitive deionization", Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 209, pp. 776 - 781, 2019.

9. [9] APHA, Standard Method for Examination of Water and Wastewater, Am. Public Heal. Assoc. (2011).
10. [10] M.A. Menkouchi Sahli, S. Annouar, M. Tahaikt, M. Mountadar, A. Soufiane and A. Elmidaoui, "Fluoride removal for underground brackish water by adsorption on the natural chitosan and by electrodialysis", Desalination, Vol. 212, pp. 37 - 45, 2007..
11. [11] P. Bhattacharya, A. Chatterjee and G. Jacks, "Occurrence of arsenic contaminated groundwater in alluvial aquifers form Delta Plains", Eastern India: Options for safe drinking water supply, Int. J. Water Resour. Dev., Vol.13, pp. 19 - 92, 1997.
12. [12] D.D. Runnells and J.L. Larson, "A Laboratory Study of Electromigration as a Possible Field Technique for the Removal of Contaminants from Ground Water, Groundwater Monit. Remediat., Vol. 6, pp. 85 - 91, 1986.
13. [13] N. Aksoy, C. Şimşek and O. Gunduz, "Groundwater contamination mechanism in a geothermal field: A case study of Balcova, Turkey", Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Vol. 103, pp. 13-28, 2009.