Characterization of sludge waste products from wastewater treatment plant of Khenifra city in Morocco

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 73 - 79, 30.06.2019

Aadraoui Mohamed , Rais Jamila Elbaghdadi Mohamed Ouigmane Abdellah Mohamed Mechadi

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.435663

Cited By: 3

Abstract

To promote the utilization of sewage
sludge as alternative building materials, a study was carried out to examine
the characteristics of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant of
khenifra city, Morocco. Experiments were performed for determining the
mineralogical composition, chemical properties, loss of weight, the rate of the
calcium carbonate and moisture. Furthermore, the geotechnical parameters deal
with the Atterberg limits, water content and  
Sand equivalent of the sewage sludge material. The purpose of this paper
is to present the available information on the various components of sewage
sludge to explore the possibility of exploiting this waste in building
materials

 

Results show that sewage sludge has
neutral pH value around 6.93 and contains organic matter.  Moreover, the sludge is composed of a
significant amount of oxides and metals. The value of net calorific value (NCV)
is 1888.91 Kcal kg^-1. As well as, the mineralogical composition of
sludge has been determined by X-rays diffraction (XRD) show the presence of
quartz (SiO₂), hematite (Fe₂O₃), aluminum
oxide (Al₂O₃) and calcite (CaO₃).The result of
the geotechnical properties of sewage sludge obtained indicates a very high
value for a liquid limit of 126%, a plastic limit of 100% and the plasticity
index of 25% and 128% water content.

Based on the data obtained from the
characteristics of sewage sludge produced by wastewater treatment plant in the Khenifra
city, the utilization of sewage sludge into building materials such as  in brick making, ceramics making and  in the manufacture of cement are possible,
because sludge composition is similar to the raw to construction materials.

 

Keywords

Characterization, Recycling, Sewage sludge, Wastewater treatment plant

References

• [1]. AMIR S., Contribution à la Valorisation de Boues de Stations D’épuration par Compostage: Devenir des Micropolluants Metalliques et Organiques et Bilan Humique du Compost. Doctoral dissertation, Thèse Doctorale Sciences Agronomiques–L’Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse. Toulouse, (2005) 341p.[2]. El Fels L., Suivi physico-chimique, microbiologique et écotoxicologique du compostage de boues de STEP mélangées à des déchets de palmier: validation de nouveaux indices de maturité, Doctoral dissertation, École Doctorale Sciences de l'univers, de l'environnement et de l'espace Toulouse, 159341302 (2014) 295 p.[3]. JOURAIPHY Abdelmajid, Compostage des boues actives-déchets verte : analyses physicochimiques, microbiologiques, toxicologiques, bilan humique et valorisation agronomique,UFR, Ecologie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Terrestres, Spécialité Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement, (2007) 168 p. [4]. S.J. Young, R. Patrick, Res. Conserv. Rec., 35 (2002) 191-200. [5]. M.A. S´anchez-Monedero, C. Mondini, M.D. Nobili, L. Leita, A. Roig, Waste Manage., 24 (2004) 325-332.[6]. H. Ødegaard, B. Paulsrud, I. Karlsson, Water Science and Technology, vol. 46, no. 10 (2002) 295-303.[7]. T. Ahmad, K. Ahmad, M. Alam, Characterization of Water Treatment Plant’s Sludge and its Safe Disposal Options, International Conference on Solid Waste Management, 5IconSWM 2015, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35 ( 2016 ) 950 – 955[8]. M.H. Al Sayed, I.M. Madany, A.R.M. Buali, Constr. and Buil. Mater., 9 (1995) 19-23[9]. D.F. Lin, H.L. Luo, Y.N. Sheen, Journal of the Air and Waste Manag. Assoc., 55 (2) (2005) 163-172.[10]. Chiang, K.-Y., Chou, P.-H., Hua, C.-R., Chien, K.-L., Cheeseman C. Lightweight bricks manufactured from WTS and rice husks, J. Hazard. Mater. 171 (2009) 76–82.[11]. Chih-Huang Weng , Deng-Fong Lin , Pen-Chi Chiang, Utilization of sludge as brick materials, Advances in Environmental Research, 7(2003) 679–685.[12]. Teixeira, S.R., Santos, G.T.A., Souza, A.E., Alessio, P., Souza, S.A., Souza. N.R., The effect of incorporation of a Brazilian WTPs sludge on the properties of ceramic materials. Appl. Clay Sci. 53, (2011) 561–565.[13]. Kizinievic, O., Zurauskiene, R., Kizinievic, V., Zurauskas, R., Utilisation of sludge waste from water treatment for ceramic products. Constr. Build. Mater. 41 (2013), 464–473.[14]. K.L. Lin, C.Y. Lin, Cem. And Concr. Resea., 35 (10) (2005) 1999-2007.[15]. Yen, C.-L., Tseng, D.-H., Lin, T.-T.,. Characterization of eco-cement paste produced from waste sludges, Chemosphere, 84 (2011) 220–226.[16]. Rodríguez, N. H., Ramírez, S. M., Varela, M.T.B., Guillem, M., Puig, J., Larrotcha, E., Flores, J. Evaluation of spray-dried sludge from drinking water treatment plants as a prime material for clinker manufacture. Cem.Concr.Compos., 33 (2011) 267–275.[17]. Alqam, M., Jamrah, A., Daghlas, H., Utilization of cement incorporated with water treatment sludge, Jordan J. Civ. Eng., 5 (2) (2011) 268–277.[18]. El-Didamony, H., Khalil, K.A., Heikal, M., Physico-chemical and surface characteristics of some granulated slag–fired drinking water sludge composite cement pastes. HBRC J. 10 (2014) 73–81.[19]. Huang, C.-H., Wang, S.-Y., Application of WTS in the manufacturing of lightweight aggregate. Constr. Build. Mater., 43 (2013) 174–183.[20]. Sales, A., De Souza, F.R., Almeida, F.R., Mechanical propertiesof concrete produced with a composite of water treatment sludge and sawdust. Constr. Build. Mater., 25(6) (2011) 2793–2798[21]. NF EN 13037 February, Soil amendments and crop supports - Determination of pH - Organic amendments and culture, 2012[22]. Guerraoui, F., Zamama, M., Ibnoussina, M., Caractérisations minéralogique et géotechnique des argiles utilisées dans la céramique de Safi (Maroc), African Journal of Sciences and Technology (AJST), 9 (2008) 1-11. [23]. Graziella Maria FaquimJannuzzi,FernandoArturBrasilDanzigerb, Geological–geotechnical characterisation of Sarapuí II clay, Engineering Geology, 190 (2015) 77–86.[24]. HRUBESOVA, Eva, LUNACKOVA, Barbara, et BRODZKI, Ondrej. Comparison of Liquid Limit of Soils Resulted from Casagrande Test and Modificated Cone Penetrometer Methodology. Procedia Engineering, 142 (2016) 364-370.[25]. CEDEX,.Normas NLT. II – Ensayos de Suelos. Centro de Estudios y Experimentacion de ObrasPublicas. Laboratorio de Geotecnia. 2a Ed. Madrid (1992).[26]. Hak-Sung Kima, Gye-Chun Choa, Joo Yong Leeb, Se-JoonKimb, Geotechnical and geophysical properties of deep marine fine-grained sediments recovered during the second Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate expedition, East Sea, Korea, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 47 (2013) 56–65.[27]. ASTM D2974-07a Standard test methods for moisture, ash, and organic matter of peat and other organic soils, (2007) 4.[28]. Ignacio Merino, Luis F. Arevalo, Fernando Romero, Characterization and possible uses of ashes from wastewater treatment plants, Waste Management, 25 (2005) 1046–1054.[29]. Brendan c. O. kelly, Geotechnical properties of municipal sewage sludge, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 24 (2006) 833–850.[30]. O'Kelly, Brendan C., Effect of biodegradation on the consolidation properties of a dewatered municipal sewage sludge, Waste Management, 28 (2008) 1395-1405.[31]. R. Modolo, V.M. Ferreira, L.M. Machado, M. Rodrigues, I. Coelho, Construction materials as a waste management solution for cellulose sludge, Waste Management, 31 (2011) 370–377.[32]. M. Aadraoui, M. Elbaghdadi, J. Rais, A. Barakat, W. Ennaji, L.A. Karroum, H. Oumenskou, Effect of incineration of sewage sludge on the evolution of physicochemical characterization and mineralogical properties, JMES, 8 (2017) 2800-2806.[33]. Husillos-Rodriguez N., Martinez-Ramirez S., Blanco-Varelaa M. T.,Donatello S., Guillem J. P. C, FosM.,Larrotcha E., Flores J., Journal of Cleaner Production, 52 (2013) 94 -102.[34]. Zhang, L., Xiao, B., Hu, Z., Liu, S., Cheng, G., He, P., & Sun, L., Tar-free fuel gas production from high temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge. Waste management, 34 (2014) 180-184.[35]. SAMOLADA, M. C., ZABANIOTOU, A. A. Comparative assessment of municipal sewage sludge incineration, gasification and pyrolysis for a sustainable sludge-to-energy management in Greece. Waste management, 34 (2014) 411-420.[36]. LLORENTE, MJ Fernández et GARCÍA, JE Carrasco. Suitability of thermo-chemical corrections for determining gross calorific value in biomass. Thermochimica Acta, 468 (2008) 101-107.[37]. S. Valls, A. Yagu ¨e, E. Va´zquez, C. Mariscal, Physical and mechanical properties of concrete with added dry sludge from a sewage treatment plant, Cement and Concrete Research, 34 (2004) 2203 – 2208.[38]. Cyr M., Coutand M., ClastresP.,Technological and environmental behavior of sewage sludge ash (SSA) in cement-based materials. Cement and Concrete Research, 37 (2007) 1278-1289.[39]. Sara Naamane, ZakiaRais, Mustapha Taleb, The effectiveness of the incineration of sewage sludge on the evolution of physicochemical and mechanical properties of Portland cement, Construction and Building Materials, 112 (2016) 783–789.[40]. M. A. Tantawy, A. M. El-Roudi, Elham M. Abdalla, and M. A. Abdelzaher, 2012, Evaluation of the Pozzolanic Activity of Sewage Sludge Ash, International Scholarly Research Network, ISRN Chemical Engineering, 2012 (2012) 8.[41]. S. Naamane, Z. Rais, N.H. Mtarfi, M. El Haji, M. Taleb, valorization of wastewater sludge in cement CPJ45, Phys. Chem. News, 74 (2014) 44-50.[42]. Hsiau P, Lo S. Extractabilities of heavy metals in chemically-fixed sewage sludges. J Hazard Mater., 58 (1998) 73–82.[43]. D. Fytili, A. Zabaniotou, Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12 (2008) 116–140.[44].Ciaran J. Lynn, Ravindra K. Dhira, Gurmel S. Ghataora, Roger P. West, Sewage sludge ash characteristics and potential for use in concrete, Sewage sludge ash characteristics and potential for use in concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 98 (2015) 767–779.[45]. M. Al-Sharif, M.F. Attom, A geoenvironmental application of burned wastewater sludge ashin soil stabilization, Environ. Earth Sci., 71 (2014) 2453–2463.[46]. J.F. De Lima, D. Ingunza, M. Del Pilar, Effects of sewage sludge ash addition in Portland cement concretes, International Conference on Civil, London 13–14th March, Atlantis Press, Materials and Environmental Sciences (CMES 2015) (2015) 189–191. [47]. M. Aadraoui, M. Elbaghdadi, J. Rais, A. Barakat, W. Ennaji, L.A. Karroum, H. Oumenskou, A. Ouigmane, M. Mechadi, S. Didi, Characteristics of sewage sludge produced from wastewater treatment plant in the Moroccan city Khouribga, Desalination and Water Treatment, 112 (2018) 179-185[48]. Joan A. Cusido, Cecilia Soriano, Valorization of pellets from municipal WWTP sludge in lightweight clay ceramics, Waste Management, 31 (2011) 1372–1380.[49]. C.A. Velis, C. Franco-Salinas, C. OSullivan, J. Najorka, A.R. Boccaccini, C.R. Cheeseman, Up-cycling waste glass to minimal water adsorption/absortion lightweight aggregate by rapid low temperature sintering: optimization by dual process-mixture response surface methodology, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48 (2014) 7527–7535.