Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Synergies and potential of hybrid solar photovoltaic for enhanced desalination: A review of selected countries

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 371 - 382, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1325106

Abstract

In an effort to construct a desalination pilot plant, a study of several kinds of literature is needed to ensure Indonesia develops advanced and environmentally friendly desalination technology. This research aims to explore several research papers referenced in developing the desalination pilot plant to gain information on environmentally friendly and sustainable desalination technologies in selected countries such as Spain (Burriana), Mexico, Chile, the Philippines, and Iran (Kish Island), including in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region on the development of desalination technology for environmentally friendly and sustainable-based communities. This research used a systematic literature review (SLR) approach emphasizing secondary information from several studies based on selected countries to develop desalination technology. Each technology developed is examined for suitability with environmental conditions and desalination technology to be further applied in Indonesia. The main reason for building desalination plants in selected countries is to support sustainable development based on green energy and technology. They are combining desalination technology with photovoltaic (PV) electrical energy, which is a critical factor in promoting green technology through electrodialysis (ED) or reverse osmosis (RO) techniques. The developed desalination pilot plant can achieve 7-14 L/(m2.h) productivity at approximately 0.36-0.78 USD/m3. If implemented in Indonesia, it is necessary to prepare financial support to construct, operate, and maintain. Desalination technology in Indonesia should prioritize environmentally friendly technology. Indonesia's topographic region is a golden advantage to supporting sustainable green energy by utilizing PV-RO or PV-ED-RO to create fresh water from seawater.

Thanks

The authors would like to thank the School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia for providing facilities and literature.

References

  • T. Salameh, P. P. Kumar, A. G. Olabi, K. Obaideen, E. T. Sayed, H. M. Maghrabie, and M. A. Abdelkareem, “Best battery storage technologies of solar photovoltaic systems for desalination plant using the results of multi optimization algorithms and sustainable development goals,” Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 55, Article 105312, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • H. Saboori, and H. Mehrjerdi, “Tri‐objective optimization of a synergistic wind‐photovoltaic plant for water desalination addressing sustainable development goals,” Sustainable Development, Vol. 30(6), pp. 1811–1822, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • S. Gelb, and A. Krishnan, “Technology, migration and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,” London, UK: Overseas Development Institute, 2018.
  • W. Leal Filho, S. K. Tripathi, J. Andrade Guerra, R. Giné-Garriga, V. Orlovic Lovren, and J. Willats, “Using the sustainable development goals towards a better understanding of sustainability challenges,” International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, Vol. 26(2), pp. 179–190, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • A. Aende, J. Gardy, and A. Hassanpour, “Seawater desalination: A review of forward osmosis technique , ıts challenges, and future prospects,” Processes, Vol. 8(8), Article 901, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • A. N. Angelakis, M. Valipour, K.-H. Choo, A. T. Ahmed, A. Baba, R. Kumar, G. S. Toor, and Z. Wang, “Desalination: From ancient to present and future,” Water, Vol. 13(16), Article 2222, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • E. T. Sayed, A. G. Olabi, K. Elsaid, M. Al Radi, R. Alqadi, and M. A. Abdelkareem, “Recent progress in renewable energy based-desalination in the Middle East and North Africa MENA region,” Journal of Advanced Research, Vol. 45, pp. 125-156, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • L. Ospina-Forero, G. Castañeda, and O. A. Guerrero, “Estimating networks of sustainable development goals,” Information & Management, Vol. 59(5), Article 103342, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • M. Ayaz, M. A. Namazi, M. Ammad, M. I. M. Ershath, A. Mansour, and M. Aggoune, “Sustainable seawater desalination: Current status, environmental implications and future expectations,” Desalination, Vol. 540, Article 116022, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • M. Elma, M. Mahmud, F. Ria Mustalifah, A. Akhbar, L. Suryani, A. E. Pratiwi, D. Rahmah, and N. Baity, “Evaluasi kinerja membran silika pektin untuk desalinasi air payau terhadap suhu kalsinasi membran,” Vol. 7(1), pp. 56–65, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • L. Cornejo-ponce, P. Vilca-Salinas, M. J. Arenas-Herrera, C. Moraga-Contreras, H. Tapia-Caroca, and S. Kukulis-Martínez “Small-scale solar-powered desalination plants: A sustainable alternative water-energy nexus to obtain water for chile’s coastal areas,” Energies, Vol. 15(23), Article 9245, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • L. Gurreri, M. La Cerva, J. Moreno, B. Goossens, A. Trunz, and A. Tamburini, “Coupling of electromembrane processes with reverse osmosis for seawater desalination: Pilot plant demonstration and testing,” Desalination, Vol. 526, Article 115541, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • E. Cervantes Rendon, J. I. Bahena, L. E. Cervera-Gómez, R. J. Romero, J. Cerezo, A. Rodríguez-Martínez, and U. D. Carrasco,” Rural application of a low-pressure reverse osmosis desalination system powered by solar – photovoltaic energy for Mexican Arid Zones,” Sustainability, Vol. 14(17), Article 10958, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • N. Riyahi, A. Saraei, A. Vahdat Azad, and F. Fazelpour, “Energy analysis and optimization of a hybrid system of reverse osmosis desalination system and solar power plant (case study: Kish Island),” International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 13(1), pp. 67–75, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • N. Peter, P. M. L. Ucab, G. C. Dadol, L. M. Jabile, I. N. Talili, and M. T. I. Cabaraban, “A review of desalination technologies and its impact in the Philippines,” Desalination, Vol. 534, Article 115805, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • E. Jones, M. Qadir, M. T. H. van Vliet, V. Smakhtin, and S. Kang, “The state of desalination and brine production: A global outlook,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 657, pp. 1343–1356, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • Y. Cai, J. Wu, S. Q. Shi, J. Li, and K.-H. Kim, “Advances in desalination technology and its environmental and economic assessment,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 397, Article 136498, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • M. A. Rosen, and A. Farsi, “Sustainable energy technologies for seawater desalination,” Academic Press, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • Á. Morote, A. Rico, and E. Moltó, “Critical review of desalination in Spain: A resource for the future?” Geographical Research, 55(4), pp. 1-12, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • A. Shokri, and M. S. Fard, “A sustainable approach in water desalination with the integration of renewable energy sources,” Environmental Advances, Vol. 9, Article 100281, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • J. Bundschuh, M. Kaczmarczyk, N. Ghaffour, and B. Tomaszewska, “State-of-the-art of renewable energy sources used in water desalination: Present and future prospects,” Desalination, Vol. 508, Article 115035, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • B. Anand, R. Shankar, S. Murugavelh, W. Rivera, K. Midhun Prasad, and R. Nagarajan, “A review on solar photovoltaic thermal integrated desalination technologies,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 141, Article 110787, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • G. E. Dévora-Isiordia, C. A. Cásares-de la Torre, J. A. Corona-Sánchez, and S. Islas, “State of the Art of Desalination in Mexico,” Energies, Vol. 15(8434), pp. 1–23, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • World Bank Group, “Solar resource maps of Iran,” SolarGis, 2022. https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/iran
  • M. M. Rashidi, I. Mahariq, N. Murshid, S. Wongwises, O. Mahian, and M. A. Nazari, “Applying wind energy as a clean source for reverse osmosis desalination: A comprehensive review,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol. 61(12), pp. 12977–12989, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • A. H. Shafaghat, M. Eslami, and M. Baneshi, “Techno-enviro-economic study of a reverse osmosis desalination system equipped with photovoltaic-thermal collectors,” Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 218, Article 119289, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • E. Mohi, G. H. J. Ghajar, and N. Kaynia, “State of desalination projects in Iran,” Desalination, Vol. 23(1–3), pp. 465–470, 1977. [CrossRef]
  • A. M. Ghaithan, A. Mohammed, and L. Hadidi, “Assessment of integrating solar energy with reverse osmosis desalination,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, Vol. 53, Article 102740, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • F. A. Essa, “Thermal desalination systems: from traditionality to modernity and development,” in Distillation Processes-From Conventional to Reactive Distillation Modeling, Simulation and Optimization. IntechOpen, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • A. Kaya, M. E. Tok, and M. Koc, “A levelized cost analysis for solar-energy-powered sea water desalination in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi,” Sustainability, Vol. 11(6), Article 1691, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • D. Wibowo, F. Mustapa, S. Selviantori, M. Idris, A. Mahmud, M. Maulidiyah, M. Z. Muzakkar, A. A. Umar, and M. Nurdin “CA/PEG/Chitosan membrane incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles for strengthening and permselectivity membrane for reverse osmosis desalination,” Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, Vol. 20, Article 100848, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • M. T. Ali, H. E. S. Fath, and P. R. Armstrong, “A comprehensive techno-economical review of indirect solar desalination,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15(8), pp. 4187–4199, 2011. [CrossRef]
  • A. Maftouh, O. El Fatni, S. Bouzekri, F. Rajabi, M. Sillanpää, and M. H. Butt “Economic feasibility of solar-powered reverse osmosis water desalination: a comparative systemic review,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 30(2), pp. 2341–2354, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • A. Al-Karaghouli, and L. L. Kazmerski, “Energy consumption and water production cost of conventional and renewable-energy-powered desalination processes,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 24, pp. 343–356, 2013. [CrossRef]
  • I. Ihsanullah, M. A. Atieh, M. Sajid, and M. K. Nazal, “Desalination and environment: A critical analysis of impacts, mitigation strategies, and greener desalination technologies,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 780, p. 146585, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • M. V. Nirwanda, “Analisis risiko sistem instalasi pengolahan air SWRO PT. Pembangunan Jaya Ancol Menggunakan Metode Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA),” Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, 2022.
  • Statista, “Indonesia: Total population from 217 to 2027,” Statista, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/294100/total-population-of-indonesia/
  • R. D. Kurniawati, M. H. Kraar, V. N. Amalia, and M. T. Kusaeri, “Peningkatan akses air bersih melalui sosialisasi dan penyaringan air sederhana desa Haurpugur,” Jurnal Pengabdian dan Peningkatan Mutu Masyarakat, Vol. 1(2), pp. 136–143, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • J. Illigner, M. Haghshenas, K. Gisevius, and B. Braun, “Land subsidence in Jakarta and Semarang Bay – The relationship between physical processes, risk perception, and household adaptation,” Ocean and Coastal Management, Vol. 211, Article 105775, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • E. Dewita, T. Ariyanto, H. Susiati, and M. Pancoko, “Conceptual design of ındonesia experimental power reactor coupled with desalination unit,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1198(2), Article 022056, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • S. D. Odell, “Desalination in Chile’s mining regions: Global drivers and local impacts of a technological fix to hydrosocial conflict,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 323, Article 129104, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • World Bank Group, “Solar resource maps of Indonesia,” SolarGis, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/indonesia
Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 371 - 382, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1325106

Abstract

References

  • T. Salameh, P. P. Kumar, A. G. Olabi, K. Obaideen, E. T. Sayed, H. M. Maghrabie, and M. A. Abdelkareem, “Best battery storage technologies of solar photovoltaic systems for desalination plant using the results of multi optimization algorithms and sustainable development goals,” Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 55, Article 105312, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • H. Saboori, and H. Mehrjerdi, “Tri‐objective optimization of a synergistic wind‐photovoltaic plant for water desalination addressing sustainable development goals,” Sustainable Development, Vol. 30(6), pp. 1811–1822, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • S. Gelb, and A. Krishnan, “Technology, migration and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,” London, UK: Overseas Development Institute, 2018.
  • W. Leal Filho, S. K. Tripathi, J. Andrade Guerra, R. Giné-Garriga, V. Orlovic Lovren, and J. Willats, “Using the sustainable development goals towards a better understanding of sustainability challenges,” International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, Vol. 26(2), pp. 179–190, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • A. Aende, J. Gardy, and A. Hassanpour, “Seawater desalination: A review of forward osmosis technique , ıts challenges, and future prospects,” Processes, Vol. 8(8), Article 901, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • A. N. Angelakis, M. Valipour, K.-H. Choo, A. T. Ahmed, A. Baba, R. Kumar, G. S. Toor, and Z. Wang, “Desalination: From ancient to present and future,” Water, Vol. 13(16), Article 2222, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • E. T. Sayed, A. G. Olabi, K. Elsaid, M. Al Radi, R. Alqadi, and M. A. Abdelkareem, “Recent progress in renewable energy based-desalination in the Middle East and North Africa MENA region,” Journal of Advanced Research, Vol. 45, pp. 125-156, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • L. Ospina-Forero, G. Castañeda, and O. A. Guerrero, “Estimating networks of sustainable development goals,” Information & Management, Vol. 59(5), Article 103342, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • M. Ayaz, M. A. Namazi, M. Ammad, M. I. M. Ershath, A. Mansour, and M. Aggoune, “Sustainable seawater desalination: Current status, environmental implications and future expectations,” Desalination, Vol. 540, Article 116022, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • M. Elma, M. Mahmud, F. Ria Mustalifah, A. Akhbar, L. Suryani, A. E. Pratiwi, D. Rahmah, and N. Baity, “Evaluasi kinerja membran silika pektin untuk desalinasi air payau terhadap suhu kalsinasi membran,” Vol. 7(1), pp. 56–65, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • L. Cornejo-ponce, P. Vilca-Salinas, M. J. Arenas-Herrera, C. Moraga-Contreras, H. Tapia-Caroca, and S. Kukulis-Martínez “Small-scale solar-powered desalination plants: A sustainable alternative water-energy nexus to obtain water for chile’s coastal areas,” Energies, Vol. 15(23), Article 9245, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • L. Gurreri, M. La Cerva, J. Moreno, B. Goossens, A. Trunz, and A. Tamburini, “Coupling of electromembrane processes with reverse osmosis for seawater desalination: Pilot plant demonstration and testing,” Desalination, Vol. 526, Article 115541, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • E. Cervantes Rendon, J. I. Bahena, L. E. Cervera-Gómez, R. J. Romero, J. Cerezo, A. Rodríguez-Martínez, and U. D. Carrasco,” Rural application of a low-pressure reverse osmosis desalination system powered by solar – photovoltaic energy for Mexican Arid Zones,” Sustainability, Vol. 14(17), Article 10958, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • N. Riyahi, A. Saraei, A. Vahdat Azad, and F. Fazelpour, “Energy analysis and optimization of a hybrid system of reverse osmosis desalination system and solar power plant (case study: Kish Island),” International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 13(1), pp. 67–75, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • N. Peter, P. M. L. Ucab, G. C. Dadol, L. M. Jabile, I. N. Talili, and M. T. I. Cabaraban, “A review of desalination technologies and its impact in the Philippines,” Desalination, Vol. 534, Article 115805, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • E. Jones, M. Qadir, M. T. H. van Vliet, V. Smakhtin, and S. Kang, “The state of desalination and brine production: A global outlook,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 657, pp. 1343–1356, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • Y. Cai, J. Wu, S. Q. Shi, J. Li, and K.-H. Kim, “Advances in desalination technology and its environmental and economic assessment,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 397, Article 136498, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • M. A. Rosen, and A. Farsi, “Sustainable energy technologies for seawater desalination,” Academic Press, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • Á. Morote, A. Rico, and E. Moltó, “Critical review of desalination in Spain: A resource for the future?” Geographical Research, 55(4), pp. 1-12, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • A. Shokri, and M. S. Fard, “A sustainable approach in water desalination with the integration of renewable energy sources,” Environmental Advances, Vol. 9, Article 100281, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • J. Bundschuh, M. Kaczmarczyk, N. Ghaffour, and B. Tomaszewska, “State-of-the-art of renewable energy sources used in water desalination: Present and future prospects,” Desalination, Vol. 508, Article 115035, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • B. Anand, R. Shankar, S. Murugavelh, W. Rivera, K. Midhun Prasad, and R. Nagarajan, “A review on solar photovoltaic thermal integrated desalination technologies,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 141, Article 110787, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • G. E. Dévora-Isiordia, C. A. Cásares-de la Torre, J. A. Corona-Sánchez, and S. Islas, “State of the Art of Desalination in Mexico,” Energies, Vol. 15(8434), pp. 1–23, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • World Bank Group, “Solar resource maps of Iran,” SolarGis, 2022. https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/iran
  • M. M. Rashidi, I. Mahariq, N. Murshid, S. Wongwises, O. Mahian, and M. A. Nazari, “Applying wind energy as a clean source for reverse osmosis desalination: A comprehensive review,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol. 61(12), pp. 12977–12989, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • A. H. Shafaghat, M. Eslami, and M. Baneshi, “Techno-enviro-economic study of a reverse osmosis desalination system equipped with photovoltaic-thermal collectors,” Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 218, Article 119289, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • E. Mohi, G. H. J. Ghajar, and N. Kaynia, “State of desalination projects in Iran,” Desalination, Vol. 23(1–3), pp. 465–470, 1977. [CrossRef]
  • A. M. Ghaithan, A. Mohammed, and L. Hadidi, “Assessment of integrating solar energy with reverse osmosis desalination,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, Vol. 53, Article 102740, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • F. A. Essa, “Thermal desalination systems: from traditionality to modernity and development,” in Distillation Processes-From Conventional to Reactive Distillation Modeling, Simulation and Optimization. IntechOpen, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • A. Kaya, M. E. Tok, and M. Koc, “A levelized cost analysis for solar-energy-powered sea water desalination in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi,” Sustainability, Vol. 11(6), Article 1691, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • D. Wibowo, F. Mustapa, S. Selviantori, M. Idris, A. Mahmud, M. Maulidiyah, M. Z. Muzakkar, A. A. Umar, and M. Nurdin “CA/PEG/Chitosan membrane incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles for strengthening and permselectivity membrane for reverse osmosis desalination,” Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, Vol. 20, Article 100848, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • M. T. Ali, H. E. S. Fath, and P. R. Armstrong, “A comprehensive techno-economical review of indirect solar desalination,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15(8), pp. 4187–4199, 2011. [CrossRef]
  • A. Maftouh, O. El Fatni, S. Bouzekri, F. Rajabi, M. Sillanpää, and M. H. Butt “Economic feasibility of solar-powered reverse osmosis water desalination: a comparative systemic review,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 30(2), pp. 2341–2354, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • A. Al-Karaghouli, and L. L. Kazmerski, “Energy consumption and water production cost of conventional and renewable-energy-powered desalination processes,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 24, pp. 343–356, 2013. [CrossRef]
  • I. Ihsanullah, M. A. Atieh, M. Sajid, and M. K. Nazal, “Desalination and environment: A critical analysis of impacts, mitigation strategies, and greener desalination technologies,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 780, p. 146585, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • M. V. Nirwanda, “Analisis risiko sistem instalasi pengolahan air SWRO PT. Pembangunan Jaya Ancol Menggunakan Metode Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA),” Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, 2022.
  • Statista, “Indonesia: Total population from 217 to 2027,” Statista, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/294100/total-population-of-indonesia/
  • R. D. Kurniawati, M. H. Kraar, V. N. Amalia, and M. T. Kusaeri, “Peningkatan akses air bersih melalui sosialisasi dan penyaringan air sederhana desa Haurpugur,” Jurnal Pengabdian dan Peningkatan Mutu Masyarakat, Vol. 1(2), pp. 136–143, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • J. Illigner, M. Haghshenas, K. Gisevius, and B. Braun, “Land subsidence in Jakarta and Semarang Bay – The relationship between physical processes, risk perception, and household adaptation,” Ocean and Coastal Management, Vol. 211, Article 105775, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • E. Dewita, T. Ariyanto, H. Susiati, and M. Pancoko, “Conceptual design of ındonesia experimental power reactor coupled with desalination unit,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1198(2), Article 022056, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • S. D. Odell, “Desalination in Chile’s mining regions: Global drivers and local impacts of a technological fix to hydrosocial conflict,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 323, Article 129104, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • World Bank Group, “Solar resource maps of Indonesia,” SolarGis, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/indonesia
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Water Quality and Water Pollution
Journal Section Review
Authors

Dwiprayogo Wıbowo 0000-0003-1546-3385

Raldi Hendrotoro Seputro Koestoer This is me 0000-0003-1701-0419

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date July 22, 2023
Acceptance Date September 5, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Wıbowo, D., & Seputro Koestoer, R. H. (2023). Synergies and potential of hybrid solar photovoltaic for enhanced desalination: A review of selected countries. Environmental Research and Technology, 6(4), 371-382. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1325106
AMA Wıbowo D, Seputro Koestoer RH. Synergies and potential of hybrid solar photovoltaic for enhanced desalination: A review of selected countries. ERT. December 2023;6(4):371-382. doi:10.35208/ert.1325106
Chicago Wıbowo, Dwiprayogo, and Raldi Hendrotoro Seputro Koestoer. “Synergies and Potential of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic for Enhanced Desalination: A Review of Selected Countries”. Environmental Research and Technology 6, no. 4 (December 2023): 371-82. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1325106.
EndNote Wıbowo D, Seputro Koestoer RH (December 1, 2023) Synergies and potential of hybrid solar photovoltaic for enhanced desalination: A review of selected countries. Environmental Research and Technology 6 4 371–382.
IEEE D. Wıbowo and R. H. Seputro Koestoer, “Synergies and potential of hybrid solar photovoltaic for enhanced desalination: A review of selected countries”, ERT, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 371–382, 2023, doi: 10.35208/ert.1325106.
ISNAD Wıbowo, Dwiprayogo - Seputro Koestoer, Raldi Hendrotoro. “Synergies and Potential of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic for Enhanced Desalination: A Review of Selected Countries”. Environmental Research and Technology 6/4 (December 2023), 371-382. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1325106.
JAMA Wıbowo D, Seputro Koestoer RH. Synergies and potential of hybrid solar photovoltaic for enhanced desalination: A review of selected countries. ERT. 2023;6:371–382.
MLA Wıbowo, Dwiprayogo and Raldi Hendrotoro Seputro Koestoer. “Synergies and Potential of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic for Enhanced Desalination: A Review of Selected Countries”. Environmental Research and Technology, vol. 6, no. 4, 2023, pp. 371-82, doi:10.35208/ert.1325106.
Vancouver Wıbowo D, Seputro Koestoer RH. Synergies and potential of hybrid solar photovoltaic for enhanced desalination: A review of selected countries. ERT. 2023;6(4):371-82.