Review

Digital Agriculture in Fruit Production

Volume: 9 March 27, 2026
EN TR

Digital Agriculture in Fruit Production

Abstract

As the global population is projected to approach 10 billion by 2050, the resulting increase in food demand, combined with challenges such as climate change, water scarcity, and labor shortages, has made technology-driven approaches in agriculture indispensable. In fruit production, which is characterized by high labor intensity, this transformation is taking place within the framework of Agriculture 4.0 (Digital Agriculture), through the digitalization of production processes and the integration of Precision Agriculture practices based on the 5R principle with Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and robotic systems. In fruit farming, digital technologies primarily focus on plant health monitoring, irrigation management, yield prediction, and autonomous harvesting. Image processing and deep learning–based algorithms (e.g., YOLO, Faster R-CNN) achieve accuracy levels exceeding 90% in fruit detection and disease classification, providing significant advantages for pre-harvest planning and yield forecasting. Furthermore, flower density and yield maps generated from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data strengthen decision-support processes. Within the scope of precision agriculture, smart sprayers and early warning systems contribute to environmental and economic sustainability by reducing chemical inputs. However, technical challenges faced by autonomous robots under open-field conditions, high initial investment costs, and low levels of digital literacy remain the main barriers to widespread adoption. Digital transformation in fruit production is no longer an option but a strategic necessity for ensuring food security and competitiveness. The success of this process depends on the development of domestic technologies, the strengthening of digital infrastructure, and the enhancement of farmers’ digital competencies.

Keywords

References

  1. Abbasi, R., Martinez, P., and Ahmad, R., 2022. The digitization of agricultural industry – A systematic literature review on agriculture 4.0. Smart Agricultural Technology 2: 100042
  2. Ahmad, L., and Nabi, F., 2021. Agriculture 5.0: Artificial intelligence, IoT and machine learning. Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL
  3. Aggelopoulou, A. D., Bochtis, D., Fountas, S., Swain, K. C., Gemtos, T. A., and Nanos, G. D., 2011. Yield prediction in apple orchards based on image processing. Precision Agriculture 12(3): 448–456
  4. Akbaş, G. G., and Bağcı, A., 2021. Economic growth and smart farming. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi 7(2): 104–121
  5. Apolo-Apolo, O. E., Martínez-Guanter, J., Egea, G., Raja, P., and Pérez-Ruiz, M., 2020. Deep learning techniques for estimation of the yield and size of citrus fruits using a UAV. European Journal of Agronomy 115: 126030
  6. Araújo, S. O., Peres, R. S., Barata, J., Lidon, F., and Ramalho, J. C., 2021. Characterising the agriculture 4.0 landscape—Emerging trends, challenges and opportunities. Agronomy 11: 667
  7. Arjenaki, O. O., Moghaddam, P. A., and Motlagh, A. M., 2013. Online tomato sorting based on shape, maturity, size, and surface defects using machine vision. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 37(1): 62–68
  8. Bağcı, A., 2025. Dijital dönüşüm ve yapay zekânın tarım politikası ve uygulamalarındaki yeri. Sayıştay Dergisi 36(139): 831–858

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Agricultural Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Review

Publication Date

March 27, 2026

Submission Date

January 20, 2026

Acceptance Date

February 22, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9

APA
Köse, M. A., & Yaman, M. (2026). Digital Agriculture in Fruit Production. Erciyes Tarım Ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, 9, 16-30. https://doi.org/10.55257/ethabd.1867683