Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in pregnancies with normal delivery and complicated with abortion

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 275 - 279, 04.10.2018

Burcu Dinçgez Çakmak , Betül Dündar , Feyza Bayram Gülten Özgen

https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.339882

Cited By: 6

Abstract

Objective: Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy may cause remarkable
mortality and morbidityin fetus due to transplacental transmission. It has
fetal consequences such as abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformations.
In the Turkish literature, there is limited investigations evaluating the
prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among
pregnancies complicated with abortion. The aim of this study is to compare the Toxoplasma seropositivity between
pregnancies with normal delivery and complicated with abortion. 

Methods:
This is a retrospective, single center study conducted between May 2015 and
June 2016. We included 412 patients in the study group and 828 patients in the
control group. The study group (Group 1) was compromised of pregnants whose
pregnancies were complicated with abortion and the control group (Group 2) was
pregnants with normal delivery. Toxoplasma
IgM and IgG seropositivity were compared between two groups.

Results:
There was no difference between two groups in terms of sociodemographic
features (p > 0.05). Toxoplasma IgM was positive in 62 (5%)
patients and IgG was positive in 282 (22.9%) patients in all groups. In
subgroup analysis Toxoplasma IgM was
found to be positive in 27 (6.6%) patients in Group 1 and 35 (4.2%) patients in
Group 2. Moreover, Toxoplasma IgG was
positive in 125 (30.6%) patients in Group 1 and in 157 (19.2%) patients in
Group 2. Toxoplasma IgM and Toxoplasma IgG were significantly higher
in Group 1 (p = 0.023 and p = 0.016, respectively). 

Conclusion:
We concluded that Toxoplasma
seropositivity is high in our country and routine screening is essential for
pregnancies. Toxoplasmosis may play a role in the etiology of abortion. 

Keywords

Abortus, pregnancy, toxoplasmosis, toxoplasma immunglobuline

References

• [1] Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Wilson M, McQuillan G, Navin T, McAuley JB. Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States: seroprevalence and risk factors. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:357-65.
• [2] Yang N, Wang D, Xing M, Li C, Li J, Wu A, et al. Seroepidemiology and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the newly enrolled undergraduates and postgraduate students in China. Front Microbiol 2017;8:2092.
• [3] Miller MA, Gardner IA, Kreuder C, Paradies DM, Worcester KR, Jessup DA, et al. Coastal freshwater runoff is a risk factor for T. Gondii infection of southern sea otters (Enhydralutrisnereis). Int J Parasitol 2002;32:997-1006.
• [4] Anonymous. UK Standards for Microbiology Investigation. Investigation of Toxoplasma Infection in Pregnancy. UK: Health Protection Agency, Standards Unit, Microbiology Services Division. 2012.
• [5] Kayman T, Kayman M. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Kayseri. Perinatoloji Dergisi 2010;18:92-6.
• [6] Elsheikha HM. Congenital toxoplasmosis: priorities forfurther health promotion action. Public Health 2008;122:335-53.
• [7] Abamecha F, Awel H. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women following antenatal care at Mizan Aman General Hospital, Bench Maji Zone (BMZ), Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2016;16:460.
• [8] Montoya JG, Liesenfeld O. Toxoplasmosis. Lancet 2004;363:1965-76.
• [9] Singh S. Congenital toxoplasmosis: clinical features, outcomes, treatment, and prevention. Trop Parasitol 2016;6:113-22.
• [10] Pappas G, Roussos N, Falagas ME. Toxoplasmosis snapshots: global status of Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol 2009;39:1385-94.
• [11] Tekay F, Ozbek E. [The Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in women from Sanliurfa, a province with a high raw meatball consumption]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2007;31:176-9. [Article in Turkish]
• [12] Güneş H, Kaya S, Çetin ES, Taş T, Demirci M. [Seroprevalance of Toxoplasmosis in reproductive women]. SDU Tıp Fak Derg 2008;15:21-4. [Article in Turkish]
• [13] Alvarado-Esquivel C, Sifuentes-Alvarez A, Narro-DuarteSG. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondiiinfectionin pregnant women in a public hospital in northern Mexico. BMC Infect Dis 2006;6:113.
• [14] Harma M, Harma M, Gungen N, Demir N. Toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Sanliurfa, SouthEastern Anatolia City, Turkey. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2004;34:519-25.
• [15] Ebadi P, Solhjoo K, Bagheri K, Eftekhar F. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among the women with recurrent spontaneous abortion in comparison with the women with uncomplicated delivery. J Jahrom Univ Med Sci 2011;9:32-6.
• [16] Jahromi AS. Anti-toxoplasma antibodies in women with abortion or still birth. J Jahrom Univ Med Sci 2007;4:47-52.
• [17] Saki J, Mohammadpour N, Moramezi F, Khademvatan S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in women who have aborted in comparison with the women with normal delivery in Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran. Sci World J 2015;2015:764369.
• [18] Flatt A, Shetty N. Sero-prevalence and risk factors for toxoplasmosis among antenatal women in London: a re-examination of risk in an ethnically diverse population. Eur J Public Health 2013;23:648-52.
• [19] Torgerson PR, Macpherson CNL. The socioeconomic burden of parasitic zoonoses: global trends. Vet Parasitol 2011;182:79-95.
• [20] Alavi SM, Alavi L. Toxoplasmosis in Iran: A guide for general physicians working in the Iranian health network setting: A systematic review. Caspian J Intern Med 2016;7: 233-41.
• [21] Chaudhry SA, Gad N, Koren G. Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy. Can Fam Physician 2014;60: 334-6.
• [22] Berger F, Goulet V, Le Strat Y, Desenclos JC. Toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in France: risk factors and change of prevalence between 1995 and 2003. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2009;57:241-8.
• [23] Liu Q, Wei F, Gao S, Jiang L, Lian H, Yuan B, et al. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in China. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009;103:162-6.
• [24] Saracoglu F, Sahin I. [Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in a pregnant population and seroconversion rate of seronegative pregnants]. T Klin Jinekol Obst 2001;11:326-8. [Article in Turkish]
• [25] Ertug S, Okyay P, Turmen M, Yuksel H. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in Aydin province, Turkey. BMC Public Health 2005;5:66.
• [26] Efe Ş, Kurdoğlu Z, Korkmaz G. [Seroprevalance of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma antibodies in pregnant women of Van Region]. Van Tıp Derg 2009;16:6-9. [Article in Turkish]
• [27] Aynalı A, Cicioglu, Arıdogan B, Tola E, Onalı S, Sesli Çetin E. [Evaluation of anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG seropositivity among women in reproductive period, who admitted to Suleyman Demirel University Hospital]. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg 2016;73:33-8. [Articie in Turkish]
• [28] Bakıcı MZ, Nefesoglu N, Erandac M. Results of screening for Torch of blood samples collected in a microbiology laboratory. CÜ Tıp Fak Derg 2002;24:5-8. [Articie in Turkish]
• [29] Ghasemi FS, Rasti S, Piroozmand A, Bandehpour M, Kazemi B, Mousavi SG, et al. Toxoplasmosis-associated abortion and stillbirth in Tehran, Iran J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016;29:248-51.
• [30] Tammam AE, Haridy MAM, Abdellah AH, Ahmed SR, Fayed HM, Alsammani MA. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women with first trimester spontaneous miscarriage in Qena Governorate, Egypt. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7:2870-3.
• [31] Sharif M, Ajami A. Serological survey of toxoplasmosis in women with abortion or still birth referring to women clinic in Sari, 1997-1998. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1999;26:13-8.
• [32] Anubhuti, Roy RR, Mittra JP, Begum SJ. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in spontaneous abortions in pregnant women. J Evol Med Dental Sci 2015;4:6763-8.
• [33] Zargar AH, Masoodi SR, Laway BA, Sofi BA, Wani AI. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in women with repeated abortions in Kashmir. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998;52:135-6.
• [34] Zhang SF, Song RH. Toxoplasma gondii infection status in abnormal pregnancy women. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2014;26:437-8, 452. [Articie in Chinese]