The Role of Growth Factors in Adult Neurogenesis and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

Neurogenesis is the combined processes of division, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). The two different loca-tions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG), provide a niche environment for neurogenesis. Neurotrophic fac-tors have roles on migration, proliferation and differentiation of NSC and neural progenitor cells. Studies have shown that NSCs have regulatory effects on neural cell rearrangement, neural plas-ticity and angiogenesis in damaged tissue. In adult neurogenesis, combinations of neurotrophic factors play an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative, oncological diseases and post-traumatic inflammatory damage. In this review, current literature including pre-clinical and clinical studies for the modulating effect of neurotrophic factors on NSCs and their po-tential therapeutic treatment applications are brought together. It contains up-to-date information that would be beneficial for re-searchers and physicians working in this field.

Keywords

• Neurogenesis
• neurotrophic factor
• neural stem cell

Yetişkin Nörogenez ve Nörodejeneratif Hastalıklarda Büyüme Faktörlerinin Rolü

Abstract

Nörogenez, nöral kök hücrelerin (NKH) bölünme, göç etme ve fark-lılaşma süreçlerinin bütününü oluşturmaktadır. Lateral ventrikülün subventriküler bölgesi (SVZ) ve hipokampus dentat girus (DG)’daki subgranüler bölge (SGZ) olmak üzere iki farklı nişte gerçekleşmek-tedir. Nörotrofik faktörler, NKH ve nöral progenitor hücrelerin mig-rasyon, proliferasyon ve farklılaşmasında rol oynar. Ayrıca, NKH’le-rin hasarlı dokuda, nöral hücrelerin yeniden yapılanması, nöral plastisite ve anjiogenezi düzenleyici etkileri olduğu gösterilmiştir. Yetişkin nörogenezinde ise nörotrofik faktör kombinasyonlarının serebrovasküler, nörodejeneratif, onkolojik hastalıklar ve travma sonrası oluşan inflamatuvar hasar tedavisinde önemli rolü olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu derlemede, nörotrofik faktörlerin NKH’ler üzerin-deki modüle edici etkisi ve potansiyel terapötik uygulamalarında preklinik ve klinik çalışmaları içeren güncel literatürler biraraya ge-tirilmiştir. Bu alanda çalışma yapan araştırmacı ve hekimlere fayda sağlayacak güncel bilgiler içermektedir.

Keywords

• Nörogenez
• nörotrofik faktör
• nöral kök hücre

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