Lime Scale Water in Domestic Boilers as the Main Toxic Factor in the Human Body

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 77 - 83, 26.08.2020

Valdrin M. Beluli , Kathelina Kristollari Aleksandër Kaso Fatime Krasniqi

https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2020.0028

Abstract

This research is based on the study of boiler water with a high content of waste inside boilers. After many years of use, a very toxic lime scale (LS) is formed in the boiler mixed with heavy elements, ions, and other molecules dangerous for human health. The high concentration of some heavy metals in domestic boilers is a problem in itself. During our study we created laboratory proof that inside domestic boilers contain extremely high concentrations of some heavy carcinogenic metals. Domestic boilers should have a simple system for cleaning the waste in the boiler that in our research contains heavy metals that can create profoundly serious problems in a person with normal metabolism. The chemical parameters analysed in the domestic boilers are: Cu (0.002-3.08) mg/L, Fe (0.001-0.97) mg/L, Cr+6 (0-0.31) mg/L, Al+3 (0.001-0.8<) mg/L, Ca+2 (56-200<) mg/dm3, Cl− (12.3-45) mg/L, Cl2 (0-2.2) mg/L, PO4−3 (0.04-1.3) mg/L, NO2-N (0.0006-2.9) mg/L, NH3-N (0.001-0.5) mg/L. The high presence of heavy metals in water has recently been causing serious problems. Scientific research in the field of environmental toxicology has given us more and more answers to the questions of where many human health problems can come.

Keywords

Water, lime scale, boiler, heavy metals, toxicity, cancer

İnsan Vücudunda Ana Toksik Faktör Olarak Evsel Kazanlardaki Kireç Birikimi Su

Abstract

Bu araştırma kazanlardaki atık içeriği yüksek olan kazan suyunun incelenmesine dayanmaktadır. Uzun yıllar kullanımının ardından, kazan içinde ağır elementler, iyonlar ve insan sağlığı için tehlikeli diğer moleküllerle karışmış olarak oldukça toksik kireç pulu oluşmaktadır. Ev tipi kazanlarda bazı ağır metallerin yüksek konsantrasyonda bulunması başlı başına bir sorundur. Çalışmamız kapsamında, ev tipi kazanların son derece yüksek konsantrasyonlarda birtakım ağır kanserojen metaller içerdiğine dair laboratuvar bulgularını ortaya koyduk. Ev tipi kazanlar, kazandaki atıkları temizlemek için basit bir sisteme sahip olmalıdır; bu kazanlar, araştırmamıza göre, normal metabolizmaya sahip bir kişide çok ciddi sorunlar yaratabilecek ağır metaller içermektedir. Ev tipi kazanlarda analiz edilen kimyasal parametreler şunlardır: Cu (0,002-3,08) mg/L, Fe (0,001-0,97) mg/L, Cr+6 (0-0,31) mg/L, Al+3 (0,001-0,8<) mg/L, Ca+2 (56-200<) mg/dm3, Cl− (12,3-45) mg/L, Cl2 (0-2,2) mg/L, PO4−3 (0,041,3) mg/L, NO2-N (0,0006-2,9) mg/L, NH3-N (0,001-0,5) mg/L. Suda yüksek miktardaki ağır metal mevcudiyeti son yıllarda ciddi sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Çevresel toksikoloji alanındaki bilimsel araştırmalar, birçok insan sağlığı sorununun nereden gelebileceğine dair sorulara giderek daha fazla yanıt verebilmektedir.

Keywords

Su, kireç birikimi, kazan, ağır metaller, toksisite, kanser

References

• 1. Wu J, Man Y, Sun G, Shang L. Occurrence and Health-Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Raw and Boiled Drinking Water from Rural Areas of China. Water 2018; 10: 1-15. [CrossRef]
• 2. Domoń A, Papciak D, Tchórzewska-Cieślak B, Pietrucha-Urbanik B. Biostability of Tap Water - A Qualitative Analysis of Health Risk in the Example of Groundwater Treatment (Semi-Technical Scale). Water 2018; 10: 1-13. [CrossRef]
• 3. Daci N, Daci-Ajvazi M. Shkenca e Mjedisit. Akademia e Shkencave të Kosovës. Prishtinë; 2014. pp. 436, 475.
• 4. Kacholi DS, Sahu M. Levels and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil, Water, and Vegetables of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Chemistry 2018; 1-9. [CrossRef]
• 5. Ali H, Khan E, Ilahi I. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation. Journal of Chemistry 2019; 1-14. [CrossRef]
• 6. Jose E, Dutra-De-Oliveira J, Marchini S, Lamounier J, Carlos A, Almeida N. Iron-Fortified Drinking Water Studies for the Prevention of Children's Anemia in Developing Countries. Anemia 2011; 1-5. [CrossRef]
• 7. Abbaspour N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R. Review on iron and its importance for human health. J Res Med Sci 2014; 19: 164-74.
• 8. Gholivand M, Pourhossein A. Simultaneous Determination of Copper and Cadmium in Environmental Water and Tea Samples by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry. Turkish Journal of Chemistry 2011; 35: 839-846.
• 9. Chubaka CE, Whiley H, Edwards JW, Ross KE. Lead, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium Content of Water from South Australian Rainwater Tanks, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public 2018; 15: 1-12. [CrossRef]
• 10. Collins JF. Copper. In: Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, Tucker KL, Ziegler TR, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 11th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014. pp. 206-16.
• 11. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1998.
• 12. National Research Council Committee on Copper in Drinking Water. Copper in Drinking Water. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2000.
• 13. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. National Institutes of Health. Strengthening Knowledge and Understanding of Dietary Supplements. Chromium Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Chromium-HealthProfessional/ (acess:10.07.2020)
• 14. Beluli V, Mulliqi I. Heavy Metals as Main Polluting Factors in the Mirusha, Stanishor and Morava Rivers in Gjilan, Kosovo. JOTCSA 2019; 6: 89-96. [CrossRef]
• 15. Jaishankar M, Teseten T, Anbalagan N, Mathew B, Beeregowda KN. Toxicity, Mechanism and Health Effects of Some Heavy Metals, Interdiscip. Toxicol 2014; 7: 60-72. [CrossRef]
• 16. Beluli V. Assessment of Groundwaters' Quality with Depth of (860) m in the Arbëria Neighbourhood of Gjilan Municipality, Kosovo. JOTCSA 2019; 6: 419-28. [CrossRef]
• 17. Korça B. Analiza Kimike të Ujit. Universiteti i Prishtinës "Hasan Prishitna", Prishtinë; 2013. p. 99, 100-101, 108, 110.
• 18. Rantanen PL, Mellin I, Keinänen-Toivola NM, Ahonen M, Vahala R. The Seasonality of Nitrite Concentrations in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018; 15: 1-17. [CrossRef]
• 19. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. National Institutes of Health. Strengthening Knowledge and Understanding of Dietary Supplements. Calcium Fact Sheet. https://ods.od.nih.gov/ factsheets/Calcium-Consumer/ (acess:08.08.2020)
• 20. Agolli F. Teknologjia Kimike Inorganike, Universiteti i Prishtinës, Mitrovicë, 1983; pp. 67-8.
• 21. Beluli VM. Influence of Urbanization and Industries on the Pollution of Rivers of Gjilan Municipality, Kosovo, Kem. Ind 2018; 67: 517-25. [CrossRef]
• 22. Guidelines for drinking-water quality: fourth edition incorporating the first addendum. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.