Research Article

Clinicopathologic Significance of Tumor Deposits in Colon Adenocarcinoma: Associations with Regional Tumor Burden and Adverse Invasive Features

Volume: 5 Number: 1 September 23, 2026

Clinicopathologic Significance of Tumor Deposits in Colon Adenocarcinoma: Associations with Regional Tumor Burden and Adverse Invasive Features

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate whether tumor deposit presence was associated with histologically confirmed regional lymph node metastasis in colon adenocarcinoma. Associations with other clinicopathologic features, tumor deposit count, and overall survival were evaluated as secondary or exploratory objectives. Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 191 patients who underwent colon resection for adenocarcinoma. Rectal tumors, neoadjuvant-treated cases, and non-resection specimens were excluded. Tumor deposit data were extracted from the original pathology reports, in which deposits had been classified according to College of American Pathologists criteria, and were analyzed by presence and count (0, 1, or ≥2). Histologically confirmed lymph node metastasis was defined as the primary outcome. Associations with other clinicopathologic features were considered secondary, whereas tumor deposit count-based, subgroup, alternative nodal classification, and overall survival analyses were considered exploratory. Results: Tumor deposits were identified in 35 of 191 patients (18.3%). Compared with tumor deposit-negative cases, tumor deposit-positive tumors more often showed histologically confirmed lymph node metastasis, extramural venous invasion, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, serosal involvement, and advanced pathological T stage. Exploratory count-based analyses showed associations with metastatic lymph node burden and PNI after FDR correction. The weak overall correlation with tumor budding count did not persist when the analysis was restricted to tumor deposit-positive patients. In the exploratory node-positive subgroup, no association remained significant after FDR correction. Tumor deposits were associated with shorter overall survival in univariable analysis; however, an independent association could not be demonstrated after adjustment for the selected clinical and pathological factors. Conclusion: Tumor deposits in colon adenocarcinoma were associated with histologically confirmed lymph node metastasis and several adverse invasive features. None of the examined associations met the FDR-adjusted significance threshold in the exploratory node-positive subgroup. Although tumor deposit status was associated with shorter overall survival in univariable analysis, an independent association could not be demonstrated after adjustment for the selected factors. The limited number of deaths and relatively short follow-up preclude excluding a clinically relevant independent effect.

Keywords

Adenocarcinoma, Colonic neoplasms, Lymphatic metastasis, Neoplasm staging, Tumor deposits

Ethical Statement

Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine (Approval No. 20.478.486/4128; Date: May 13, 2026). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee due to the retrospective design of the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. All histopathological images were fully anonymized and contained no patient-identifying information.

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APA
Atmış, Ö., Ocak, S., Mavili, H. S., Pehlivan, F. S., Tan, A., & Ayhan, S. (2026). Clinicopathologic Significance of Tumor Deposits in Colon Adenocarcinoma: Associations with Regional Tumor Burden and Adverse Invasive Features. Farabi Medical Journal, 5(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.59518/farabimedj.1999807
AMA
1.Atmış Ö, Ocak S, Mavili HS, Pehlivan FS, Tan A, Ayhan S. Clinicopathologic Significance of Tumor Deposits in Colon Adenocarcinoma: Associations with Regional Tumor Burden and Adverse Invasive Features. Farabi Medical Journal. 2026;5(1):1-23. doi:10.59518/farabimedj.1999807
Chicago
Atmış, Ömer, Sema Ocak, Hanife Seda Mavili, Fatma Seher Pehlivan, Ayça Tan, and Semin Ayhan. 2026. “Clinicopathologic Significance of Tumor Deposits in Colon Adenocarcinoma: Associations With Regional Tumor Burden and Adverse Invasive Features”. Farabi Medical Journal 5 (1): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.59518/farabimedj.1999807.
EndNote
Atmış Ö, Ocak S, Mavili HS, Pehlivan FS, Tan A, Ayhan S (September 1, 2026) Clinicopathologic Significance of Tumor Deposits in Colon Adenocarcinoma: Associations with Regional Tumor Burden and Adverse Invasive Features. Farabi Medical Journal 5 1 1–23.
IEEE
[1]Ö. Atmış, S. Ocak, H. S. Mavili, F. S. Pehlivan, A. Tan, and S. Ayhan, “Clinicopathologic Significance of Tumor Deposits in Colon Adenocarcinoma: Associations with Regional Tumor Burden and Adverse Invasive Features”, Farabi Medical Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–23, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.59518/farabimedj.1999807.
ISNAD
Atmış, Ömer - Ocak, Sema - Mavili, Hanife Seda - Pehlivan, Fatma Seher - Tan, Ayça - Ayhan, Semin. “Clinicopathologic Significance of Tumor Deposits in Colon Adenocarcinoma: Associations With Regional Tumor Burden and Adverse Invasive Features”. Farabi Medical Journal 5/1 (September 1, 2026): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.59518/farabimedj.1999807.
JAMA
1.Atmış Ö, Ocak S, Mavili HS, Pehlivan FS, Tan A, Ayhan S. Clinicopathologic Significance of Tumor Deposits in Colon Adenocarcinoma: Associations with Regional Tumor Burden and Adverse Invasive Features. Farabi Medical Journal. 2026;5:1–23.
MLA
Atmış, Ömer, et al. “Clinicopathologic Significance of Tumor Deposits in Colon Adenocarcinoma: Associations With Regional Tumor Burden and Adverse Invasive Features”. Farabi Medical Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, Sept. 2026, pp. 1-23, doi:10.59518/farabimedj.1999807.
Vancouver
1.Ömer Atmış, Sema Ocak, Hanife Seda Mavili, Fatma Seher Pehlivan, Ayça Tan, Semin Ayhan. Clinicopathologic Significance of Tumor Deposits in Colon Adenocarcinoma: Associations with Regional Tumor Burden and Adverse Invasive Features. Farabi Medical Journal. 2026 Sep. 1;5(1):1-23. doi:10.59518/farabimedj.1999807