Bilginin Türkiye Ekonomisinin Büyümesi Üzerindeki Rolü, 1960-2019

Öz

Son yıllarda küresel ekonomide bilgiye dayalı ekonomik çerçeveye doğru kayda değer bir dönüşüm yaşandı. Bu dönüşüm, bazen bilgi sütunları olarak da adlandırılan birçok temel faktörden etkilenmiştir. Söz konusu sütunlar insan sermayesini, araştırma ve geliştirmeyi (Ar-Ge), bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerini (BİT'ler) ve dış ticareti kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışma, 1960'tan 2019'a kadar olan dönemde bilginin Türkiye'nin ekonomik büyüme performansı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Çalışmada üretim fonksiyonu modeli ve ARDL tekniği kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma ayrıca bilginin farklı boyutlarını birleşik bir biçimde değerlendirmenin bir yolu olarak bir bilgi endeksi sunmaktadır. Ampirik sonuçlar, daha yüksek bilgi düzeyinin, örneklem döneminde Türkiye ekonomisinin büyüme oranı üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilgi
• Bilgi Endeksi
• Verimlilik
• Ekonomik Büyüme

The Role of Knowledge on the Economic Growth Performance of Türkiye, 1960-2019

Öz

In recent decades, there has been a notable shift in the global economy towards a knowledge-based economic framework. This transformation has been influenced by many key factors, sometimes referred to as pillars of knowledge. These pillars encompass human capital, research and development (R&D), information and communication technologies (ICTs), and foreign trade. This study examines the influence of knowledge on the economic growth performance of Türkiye from 1960 to 2019. It employs a production function framework and utilizes the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique. This study additionally presents a knowledge index as a means to assess several dimensions of knowledge in a unified form. The empirical results indicate that higher level of knowledge has had a positive impact on the growth rate of Turkish economy over the sample period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Knowledge
• Knowledge Index
• Productivity
• Economic Growth

Kaynakça

1. Aghion, P. & Howitt, P. (1992). A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction. Econometrica, 60(2), 323-351.
2. Aghion, P. & Howitt, P. (2008). Endogenous Growth Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
3. Alesina, A. & Perotti, R. (1996). Income Distribution, Political Instability, and Investment. European Economic Review, 40, 1203-1228.
4. Arrow, K. J. (1962). The Economic Implication of Learning by Doing. Review of Economic Studies, 62, 155-173.
5. Barro, R. J. & Sala-i Martin, X. (1990). Economic Growth. New York: McGraw-Hill.
6. Cameron, G., Proudman, J. & Redding, S. (2005). Technological Convergence, R&D, Trade and Productivity Growth. European Economic Review, 49, 775-807.
7. Harhoff, D. (1998). Are There Financing Constraints for R&D and Investment in German Manufacturing Firms?. Annales d’Economie et de Statistique, 49/50, 421-456.
8. Chen, D. H. C. & Dahlman C. J. (2004). Knowledge and Development: A Cross-Section Approach. World Bank Research Working Paper 3366, August 2004.

9. Griliches, Z. (1992). The Search for R&D Spillovers. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 94, 29-47.
10. Griliches, Z. (1958). The Demand for Farm Fertilizer: An Econometric Interpretation of a Technological Change. Journal of Farm Economics, 40(3), 591-606.
11. Grossman, G. M. & Helpman, E. (1994). Endogenous Innovation in the Theory of Growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(1), 23-44.
12. Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge, Mass. and London: MIT Press.
13. Madsen, J. B. (2007). Technology Spillover Through Trade and TFP Convergence: 135 Years of Evidence for the OECD Countries. Journal of International Economics, 72(2), 464-480.
14. Nelson, R. R. & Phelps, E. S. (1966). Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion and Economic Growth. American Economic Review, 56(2), 69-75.
15. Pritchett, L. (2000). Understanding Patterns of Economic Growth: Searching for Hills among Plateaus, Mountains, and Plains. World Bank Economic Review, 14(2), 221-250.
16. Romer, P. M. (1990). Human Capital and Growth: Theory and Evidence. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 32, 251-86.
17. Shultz, T. (1953). The Economic Organization of Agriculture. New York: McGraw Hill.
18. Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics,70, 65-94.
19. Utku-İsmihan, F. M. (2016). Essays on the Impact of Knowledge on Economic Growth. Doctoral Dissertation, Middle East Technical University. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12619923/index.pdf
20. Uzawa, H. (1965). Optimum Technical Change in An Aggregative Model of Economic Growth. International Economic Review, 6(1), 18-31.
21. Verspagen, B. (1995). R&D and Productivity: A Broad Cross-Section Cross-Country Look. The Journal of Productivity Analysis, 6, 117-135.
22. Wakelin, K. (2001). Productivity Growth and R&D Expenditure in UK Manufacturing Firms. Research Policy, 30, 1079-1090.