Yerleşim Teorisi’nin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Sistematik Literatür Taraması

Öz

Bu çalışmada Yerleşim Teorisi çerçevesinde geliştirilen model ve yaklaşımlar anlatılmakta ve ilgili literatür çerçevesinde yapılan çalışmalar gözden geçirilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, Yerleşim Teorisi’nin tarihsel süreç içinde geçirdiği dönüşümü, benimsenen yaklaşımları tartışmak ve karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Bu çerçevede, öncelikle Yerleşim Teorisi kapsamında geliştirilen model ve yaklaşımlar anlatılmaktadır. Daha sonra, ilgili literatür incelenmektedir. Literatür taramasının ilk aşamasında Web of Science veri tabanında 1979-2024 yılları arasında yayınlanmış farklı türdeki toplam 6,081 eserde en sık kullanılan anahtar kelimeler, bu kelimeler arasındaki bağlantılar ve literatürdeki ağırlıklarının yıllar içindeki değişimi, VOSviewer yazılım aracı kullanılarak bibliyografik ağ haritası yardımıyla analiz edilmektedir. İkinci aşamada, firma yerleşimine odaklanan çalışmalar, firma yerleşimini etkileyen faktörler ve çalışmalarda izlenilen metodolojik yaklaşım çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Böylece bir firmanın bir bölgeye ilk olarak veya yeniden yerleşme kararında, firma ve bölge açısından önemli olan faktörler ve göstergeler tanımlanmaktadır. Çalışmada sunulan bilgi ve gerçekleştirilen literatür taraması aracılığıyla Yerleşim Teorisi kapsamında benimsenen yaklaşımların zaman içinde birbirlerinden ve ortaya çıktıkları çağın iktisadi ve toplumsal koşullarından nasıl beslendikleri ortaya konulmaktadır. Genel olarak yığılma ekonomileri ve ulaştırma maliyetlerinin yerleşim kararı üzerindeki etkisine odaklanan literatür, araştırmacıların gerçek hayata uyumlu ve en iyi sonuca ulaşma çabalarıyla genişlemeye devam etmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın hem Yerleşim Teorisi’nin gelişim sürecine yönelik olarak bütüncül bir bakış açısı sağlaması hem de bölgesel kalkınma plan ve politika uygulamaları açısından faydalı olması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yerleşim Teorisi
• Firma Yerleşimi
• Endüstriyel Yerleşim
• Bölgesel Kalkınma
• Bibliyometrik Analiz

Historical Development of Location Theory and a Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This study presents the models and approaches in location theory and reviews the previous studies conducted within the relevant literature. Our main purpose is to compare and discuss different approaches to location theory and, hence, evaluate the development process of the theory. We begin by explaining the models and approaches developed within the framework of location theory. Subsequently, we review the literature. In the first step of the literature review, we perform a bibliographic analysis using keyword data downloaded from the Web of Science database. The data set covers keywords that are most commonly used in a total of 6,081 scientific documents of different types published between 1979 and 2024. We then create a bibliographic network map using this data and the VOSviewer software tool. In the second step of the literature review, we discuss the studies specifically focused on firm location. Hence, we refer to the factors affecting the firm's location and relocation and categorise them as either a firm- or a region-specific factor. The study demonstrates how approaches to location theory evolve over time, influenced by each other and the economic and social conditions of the age in which they developed. The theory continues to develop gradually, even though it generally focuses on the effects of agglomeration economies and transport costs on location choice. Therefore, we hope that this study will both provide a holistic perspective on the development process of location theory and be useful in terms of regional development plans and policy practices.

Keywords

• Location Theory
• Firm Location
• Industrial Location
• Regional Development
• Bibliometric Analysis

Kaynakça

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