Great Power Competition in International Politics: Political Economic Strategies of the USA, China and Russia

Abstract

In today’s geopolitical context, the resurrection of great power competition has led the United States, China, and Russia to reconsider and rebalance their strategic approaches to international politics. This study investigates the dynamics of great power competition between the United States, China, and Russia, with an emphasis on their political-economic tactics in the modern international order. The research demonstrates how the United States maintains its dominance by a combination of military, economic, and technical advantages that far outweigh that of its competitors. In contrast, China and Russia’s interests have become more coordinated, notably through programs such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which promotes economic cooperation and geopolitical influence across Eurasia. Such a relationship presents strategic concerns for the United States, particularly in the field of military technology, where China’s breakthroughs in artificial intelligence are viewed as a direct threat to American dominance. The study investigates the consequences of this struggle for global governance and regional stability. The USA has responded to perceived Chinese and Russian influence by strengthening allies and imposing economic penalties while also striving to represent liberal democratic principles. However, the rising Sino-Russian collaboration challenges this policy, as both countries aim to reform the international order to fit their interests, undermining the liberal internationalism championed by the USA. Lastly, this approach emphasizes the complex interaction of military, economic, and diplomatic tactics that define today’s great power relations, implying that multipolarity and strategic competition will become more prominent in international politics in the future.

Keywords

• Great Power Competition
• Geopolitical Strategy
• Political Economy

Uluslararası Siyasette Büyük Güç Rekabeti: ABD, Çin ve Rusya’nın Politik Ekonomik Stratejileri

Öz

Günümüzün jeopolitik bağlamında, büyük güç rekabetinin yeniden canlanması, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Çin ve Rusya’yı uluslararası politikaya yönelik stratejik yaklaşımlarını yeniden gözden geçirmeye ve yeniden dengelemeye yöneltmiştir. Bu çalışma, modern uluslararası düzendeki politik-ekonomik taktiklerine vurgu yaparak, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Çin ve Rusya arasındaki büyük güç rekabetinin dinamiklerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin rakiplerinden çok daha ağır basan askeri, ekonomik ve teknik avantajların bir kombinasyonu ile hâkimiyetini nasıl sürdürdüğünü göstermektedir. Buna karşılık, Çin ve Rusya’nın çıkarları, özellikle Avrasya genelinde ekonomik iş birliğini ve jeopolitik etkiyi teşvik eden Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi (BRI) gibi programlar aracılığıyla daha koordineli hale gelmiştir. Böylesi bir ilişki, özellikle Çin’in yapay zekâdaki atılımlarının Amerikan hâkimiyetine doğrudan bir tehdit olarak görüldüğü askeri teknoloji alanında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri için stratejik endişeler ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, küresel yönetişim ve bölgesel istikrar için verilen bu mücadelenin sonuçlarını incelemektedir. ABD, müttefikleri güçlendirerek ve ekonomik cezalar uygulayarak algılanan Çin ve Rus etkisine yanıt verdi ve aynı zamanda liberal demokratik ilkeleri temsil etmeye çalışmıştır. Ancak, yükselen Çin-Rus işbirliği bu politikaya meydan okuyor, çünkü her iki ülke de uluslararası düzeni kendi çıkarlarına uyacak şekilde yeniden şekillendirmeyi amaçlamakta ve ABD’nin savunduğu liberal enternasyonalizmi baltalamaktadır. Son olarak, bu yaklaşım, günümüzün büyük güç ilişkilerini tanımlayan askeri, ekonomik ve diplomatik taktiklerin karmaşık etkileşimini vurgulamakta ve gelecekte çok kutupluluğun ve stratejik rekabetin uluslararası politikada daha belirgin hale geleceğini ima etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Büyük Güç Rekabeti
• Jeopolitik Strateji
• Politik Ekonomi

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