An Integrated Socio-Economic-Environmental Model Addressing Sustainable Development in Türkiye

Abstract

Sustainable development is a multifaceted process that is not limited to the increase in production and income levels, but also includes social, environmental, and economic dimensions. The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of social, environmental, and economic factors on development in Türkiye. In the study, the social dimension is represented by gender inequality, the environmental dimension is showcased by greenhouse gas emissions, and the economic dimension is presented by economic growth. In addition, household consumption expenditures, which are also evaluated within the social dimension, are included as a control variable in the study. For this purpose, the model established in the study employs annual data from the period 1990-2022, and the ARDL bounds test approach is used to examine the long-term relationship between the variables. The results obtained show that environmental degradation and gender inequality have negative effects on sustainable development in the long term, while consumption expenditures and economic growth positively affect economic development. This finding reveals that development cannot be reduced to economic indicators alone, and social and environmental factors also directly affect the quality of development.

Keywords

• Sustainable Development
• Economic Growth
• Gender Inequality
• Environmental Degradation
• ARDL Bounds Test

Türkiye’de Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmayı Ele Alan Entegre Bir Sosyo-Ekonomik-Çevresel Model

Öz

Sürdürülebilir kalkınma yalnızca üretim ve gelir düzeylerindeki artışla sınırlı olmayan, sosyal, çevresel ve ekonomik boyutları da içeren çok yönlü bir süreçtir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı da Türkiye’de sosyal, çevresel ve ekonomik faktörlerin kalkınma üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmada sosyal boyut toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği ile, çevresel boyut sera gazı salınımı ile ve ekonomik boyut ise ekonomik büyüme ile temsil edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada hane halkı tüketim harcamaları ise kontrol değişken olarak yer almıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada kurulan modelde 1990-2022 dönemindeki yıllık bazda veriler istihdam edilmiş olup, değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, uzun dönemde çevresel bozulma ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yarattığını, buna karşılık tüketim harcamaları ve ekonomik büyümenin ise kalkınmayı olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Bu bulgu, kalkınmanın yalnızca ekonomik göstergelere indirgenemeyeceğini, sosyal ve çevresel faktörlerin de kalkınmanın niteliğini doğrudan etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği
• Çevresel Bozulma
• ARDL Sınır Testi

Kaynakça

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